Uruhare rwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa aluminium ni ukunoza imiterere yubukorikori bwibikoresho, gukuraho imihangayiko isigaye no kunoza imikorere yicyuma. Ukurikije intego zitandukanye zo kuvura ubushyuhe, inzira zirashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: kuvura mbere yo kuvura no kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma.
Intego yo kuvura ubushyuhe ni ugutezimbere imikorere yo gutunganya, gukuraho imihangayiko yimbere no gutegura imiterere myiza ya metallografiya yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma. Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe burimo annealing, bisanzwe, gusaza, kuzimya no kurakara nibindi.
1) Guhuza no gukora ibisanzwe
Annealing hamwe nibisanzwe bikoreshwa mubushyuhe bukorwa na aluminiyumu. Ibyuma bya karubone hamwe nibyuma birimo karubone irenga 0.5% akenshi bifatanyirizwa hamwe kugirango bigabanye ubukana kandi byoroshye kubicamo; ibyuma bya karubone hamwe nibyuma bya karubone birimo karubone iri munsi ya 0.5% bikoreshwa kugirango birinde kwizirika ku cyuma mugihe ubukana buri hasi cyane. Kandi ukoreshe ubuvuzi busanzwe. Annealing hamwe nibisanzwe birashobora gutunganya ingano nuburyo bumwe, kandi bigategura kuvura ubushyuhe bukurikira. Annealing hamwe nibisanzwe bitunganijwe nyuma yubusa bukozwe na mbere yo gutunganya nabi.
2) Kuvura gusaza
Kuvura gusaza bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukuraho imihangayiko yimbere iterwa no gukora ubusa no gutunganya.
Kugirango wirinde akazi kenshi ko gutwara abantu, kubice bifite ubusobanuro rusange, birahagije gutegura imiti imwe yo gusaza mbere yo kurangiza. Ariko, kubice bifite ibyangombwa bisobanutse neza, nkagasanduku ka mashini irambirana, nibindi, uburyo bubiri cyangwa bwinshi bwo kuvura busaza bugomba gutegurwa. Ibice byoroshye muri rusange ntibikeneye kuvurwa gusaza.
Usibye gutara, kubice bimwe na bimwe byuzuye bidakomeye, nka screw ya precision, kugirango bikureho imihangayiko yimbere yatanzwe mugihe cyo gutunganya no gushimangira gutunganya neza ibice, uburyo bwinshi bwo gusaza butegurwa hagati yimashini itoroshye no kurangiza igice. Kubice bimwe bya shaft, kuvura gusaza nabyo bigomba gutegurwa nyuma yuburyo bugororotse.
3) Kuzimya no kurakara
kuzimya no kurakara bivuga ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nyuma yo kuzimya. Irashobora kubona imiterere ya sorbite imwe kandi ikozwe neza, ikaba ari imyiteguro yo kugabanya ihinduka mugihe cyo kuzimya hejuru no kuvura nitriding. Kubwibyo, kuzimya no kurakara birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkumuti utanga ubushyuhe.
Bitewe nuburyo bwiza bwuzuye bwubukanishi bwibice byo kuzimya no gutuza, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwa nyuma bwo kuvura ubushyuhe kubice bimwe na bimwe bidasaba gukomera no kwambara birwanya.
Intego yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma nugutezimbere imiterere yubukanishi nko gukomera, kwambara birwanya imbaraga. Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe burimo kuzimya, gutwika no kuzimya, no kuvura nitriding.
1) Kuzimya
Kuzimya bigabanijwemo kuzimya hejuru no kuzimya muri rusange. Muri byo, kuzimya hejuru bikoreshwa cyane kubera guhindagurika kwayo, okiside na decarburisation, kandi kuzimya hejuru nabyo bifite ibyiza byimbaraga zo hanze kandi birwanya kwambara neza, mugihe bikomeza gukomera imbere imbere no kurwanya ingaruka zikomeye. Kugirango tunoze imiterere yubukanishi bwibice byo kuzimya hejuru, kuvura ubushyuhe nko kuzimya no gutwarwa cyangwa gukora ibisanzwe akenshi bisabwa nkubuvuzi bwambere. Inzira rusange yinzira ni: gupfunyika, guhimba, mubisanzwe, annealing, gutunganya imashini, kuzimya no gutwarwa, igice kirangiza, kuzimya hejuru, kurangiza.
2) Carburizing no kuzimya
Carburizing no kuzimya ni ukongera karubone yibice byubuso bwigice mbere, hanyuma nyuma yo kuzimya, igice cyo hejuru kibona ubukana bwinshi, mugihe igice cyibanze kigikomeza imbaraga runaka nubukomere bukabije hamwe na plastike. Carburizing igabanijwemo carburizing muri rusange na carburizing igice. Iyo igice cya karburizasi cyakozwe, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kurwanya seepage kubice bitarimo carburizing. Kubera ko carburizing hamwe no kuzimya byateje ihinduka rikomeye, kandi ubujyakuzimu bwa karburizasi muri rusange buri hagati ya mm 0,5 na 2, inzira ya carburizing isanzwe itunganijwe hagati yo kurangiza no kurangiza.
Inzira y'ibikorwa muri rusange: gusiba, guhimba, gukora ibisanzwe, gutunganya imashini, kurangiza kimwe cya kabiri, carburizing no kuzimya, kurangiza. Iyo igice kitari carburize igice cya carburizing no kuzimya cyemeje gahunda yuburyo bwo gukuraho igipande kirenze carburize nyuma yo kongera intera, inzira yo kuvanaho karubasi irenze urugero igomba gutegurwa nyuma yo gutwika no kuzimya, mbere yo kuzimya.
3) Kuvura Nitriding
Nitriding ninzira yo kwinjiza atome ya azote hejuru yicyuma kugirango ubone urwego rwibintu birimo azote. Igice cya nitriding gishobora kunoza ubukana, kwambara, imbaraga zumunaniro hamwe no kwangirika kwubuso bwigice. Kubera ko ubushyuhe bwo kuvura nitride ari buke, deformasiyo ni nto, kandi igipimo cya nitriding ni gito, muri rusange ntabwo kirenze 0,6 ~ 0,7mm, inzira ya nitriding igomba gutegurwa bitinze bishoboka. Kugirango ugabanye guhindagurika mugihe cya nitriding, mubisanzwe bisaba ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko.
Byahinduwe na Gicurasi Jiang wo muri MAT Alumin
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-04-2023
