Mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa aluminium na aluminium, ibibazo bitandukanye bikunze kugaragara, nka:
-Ibice bidashyizwe muburyo budakwiye: Ibi birashobora gutuma habaho guhindura igice, akenshi bitewe no gukuraho ubushyuhe budahagije hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuzimya ku buryo bwihuse kugirango ugere kubintu byifuzwa.
-Ubushyuhe bukabije: Ibi birashobora kuvamo ihindagurika ryumuriro; gushyira igice gikwiye bifasha kwemeza no gushyuha.
-Gushyuha cyane: Ibi birashobora gushonga gushonga igice cyangwa gushonga eutectic.
-Gupima hejuru / okiside yubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
-Ubuvuzi bukabije cyangwa budahagije bwo gusaza, byombi bishobora kuvamo gutakaza ibintu byubukanishi.
-Imihindagurikire yigihe / ubushyuhe / kuzimya ibipimo bishobora gutera gutandukana mubukanishi na / cyangwa ibintu bifatika hagati yibice.
-Ikindi kandi, ubushyuhe buke buringaniye, igihe kidahagije cyo gukingirwa, hamwe no gukonja kudahagije mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe burashobora kugira uruhare mubisubizo bidahagije.
Kuvura ubushyuhe ninzira yingenzi yubushyuhe mubikorwa bya aluminium, reka twinjire mubumenyi bujyanye.
1.Kuvura mbere
Uburyo bwambere bwo kuvura butezimbere imiterere no kugabanya imihangayiko mbere yo kuzimya bifite akamaro mukugabanya kugoreka. Mbere yo kuvurwa mubisanzwe bikubiyemo inzira nka spheroidizing annealing hamwe no kugabanya imihangayiko, kandi bamwe nabo bafata kuzimya no gutuza cyangwa kuvura bisanzwe.
Guhangayikishwa no Kuruhuka: Mugihe cyo gutunganya, guhangayika gusigaye birashobora gutera imbere bitewe nuburyo bwo gutunganya, gukoresha ibikoresho, no kugabanya umuvuduko. Ikwirakwizwa ridahwitse ryiyi mihangayiko irashobora kugoreka mugihe cyo kuzimya. Kugira ngo izo ngaruka zigabanuke, guhagarika umutima mbere yo kuzimya birakenewe. Ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya imihangayiko ni 500-700 ° C. Iyo ushyushye mukirere, ubushyuhe bwa 500-550 ° C hamwe nigihe cyo gufata amasaha 2-3 bikoreshwa mukurinda okiside na decarburisation. Kugoreka igice bitewe nuburemere bwakagombye gutekerezwa mugihe cyo gupakira, kandi ubundi buryo busa na annealing isanzwe.
Mbere yo kuvura uburyo bwo kunoza imiterere: Ibi birimo spheroidizing annealing, kuzimya no kurakara, kuvura bisanzwe.
-Spheroidizing Annealing: Ibyingenzi kubikoresho bya karubone ibyuma hamwe nibikoresho byifashishwa mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe, imiterere yabonetse nyuma ya spheroidizing annealing igira ingaruka cyane muburyo bwo kugoreka mugihe cyo kuzimya. Muguhindura imiterere ya nyuma ya annealing, umuntu arashobora kugabanya kugoreka buri gihe mugihe cyo kuzimya.
-Ubundi buryo bwo kubanza kuvura: Uburyo butandukanye burashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ugabanye kuzimya kuzimya, nko kuzimya no kurakara, kuvura bisanzwe. Guhitamo mbere yubuvuzi bukwiye nko kuzimya no gutwarwa, kuvura bisanzwe bishingiye kubitera kugoreka nibikoresho byigice birashobora kugabanya kugoreka neza. Ariko rero, ubwitonzi burakenewe kugirango imihangayiko isigaye kandi ubukana bwiyongere nyuma yubushyuhe, cyane cyane kuzimya no kuvura bishobora kugabanya kwaguka mugihe cyo kuzimya ibyuma birimo W na Mn, ariko ntibigira ingaruka nke mukugabanya guhindura imikorere yibyuma nka GCr15.
Mubikorwa bifatika, kumenya icyateye kuzimya kugoreka, byaba biterwa nihungabana risigaye cyangwa imiterere mibi, ni ngombwa kugirango bivurwe neza. Guhangayikishwa no guhagarika umutima bigomba gukorwa kugirango bigoreke biterwa no guhangayika gusigaye, mugihe imiti nkubushyuhe ihindura imiterere idakenewe, naho ubundi. Icyo gihe ni bwo intego yo kugabanya kugoreka kuzimya ishobora kugerwaho kugirango ibiciro bigabanuke kandi byemeze ubuziranenge.
2.Kuzimya Igikorwa cyo Gushyushya
Kuzimya Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya bugira ingaruka cyane kugoreka. Turashobora kugera ku ntego yo kugabanya deformasiyo duhindura ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya, cyangwa amafaranga yabigenewe yo kubika ni kimwe nubushyuhe bwo kuzimya kugirango tugere ku ntego yo kugabanya deformasiyo, cyangwa guhitamo neza no kubika amafaranga yimashini hamwe nubushyuhe bwo kuzimya nyuma yikizamini cyo kuvura ubushyuhe , kugirango ugabanye amafaranga yimashini yakurikiyeho. Ingaruka zo kuzimya ubushyuhe ku kuzimya guhindura ibintu ntabwo bifitanye isano gusa nibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu kazi, ahubwo bifitanye isano n'ubunini n'imiterere y'akazi. Iyo imiterere nubunini bwibikorwa bitandukanye cyane, nubwo ibikoresho byakazi ari bimwe, inzira yo kuzimya ibintu iratandukanye cyane, kandi uyikoresha agomba kwitondera iki kibazo mubikorwa nyabyo.
Kuzimya gufata umwanya: Guhitamo gufata umwanya ntibisobanura gusa gushyuha neza no kugera kubintu byifuzwa cyangwa ibikoresho bya mashini nyuma yo kuzimya ahubwo binareba ingaruka zabyo mukugoreka. Kwagura kuzimya gufata umwanya mubyukuri byongera ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya, cyane cyane bivugwa kuri karubone ndende nicyuma kinini cya chromium.
Uburyo bwo Gutwara.
Uburyo bwo gushyushya: Kubintu bikozwe muburyo butandukanye kandi butandukanye mubyibikorwa, cyane cyane bifite karubone nyinshi hamwe nibintu bivanze, uburyo bwo gushyushya buhoro kandi bumwe ni ngombwa. Gukoresha ubushuhe akenshi birakenewe, rimwe na rimwe bisaba inshuro nyinshi zo gushyushya. Kubikorwa binini bitavuwe neza binyuze mubushuhe, ukoresheje itanura irwanya agasanduku hamwe nubushyuhe bugenzurwa birashobora kugabanya kugoreka biterwa nubushyuhe bwihuse.
3. Gukonjesha
Kuzimya deformasiyo ahanini biva muburyo bwo gukonja. Kuzimya neza guhitamo hagati, gukora ubuhanga, na buri ntambwe yo gukonjesha bigira uruhare runini mu kuzimya.
Kuzimya Guhitamo Hagati: Mugihe cyemeza ubukana bwifuzwa nyuma yo kuzimya, itangazamakuru ryizimya ryoroheje rigomba guhitamo kugabanya kugoreka. Gukoresha uburyo bwo kwiyuhagira bushyushye kugirango ukonje (kugirango woroshye kugorora mugihe igice kiba gishyushye) cyangwa birasabwa gukonjesha ikirere. Hagati hamwe nigipimo cyo gukonjesha hagati yamazi namavuta birashobora kandi gusimbuza amavuta-yamazi abiri.
- Kuzimya ikirere: Kuzimya ikirere bifite akamaro mukugabanya kuzimya ibyuma byihuta cyane, ibyuma bya chromium hamwe nicyuma gikonjesha ikirere. Kubyuma bya 3Cr2W8V bidasaba gukomera cyane nyuma yo kuzimya, kuzimya ikirere nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango bigabanye deformasiyo muguhindura neza ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya.
—Amavuta yo gukonjesha no kuzimya. gukomera, igipimo cyo gukonjesha amavuta ntigihagije. Mu rwego rwo gukemura amakimbirane yavuzwe haruguru no gukoresha neza kuzimya amavuta kugira ngo igabanye ihindagurika ry’ibikorwa, abantu bakoresheje uburyo bwo guhindura ubushyuhe bwa peteroli no kongera ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya kugira ngo bagure ikoreshwa ry’amavuta.
- Guhindura ubushyuhe bwamavuta yo kuzimya. urupapuro rwakazi nyuma yo kuzimya ubukana. Munsi yingaruka zifatika hamwe nibikoresho bya bimwe mubikorwa, kongera ubushyuhe bwamavuta yo kuzimya nabyo bishobora kongera ihinduka. Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe cyane kumenya ubushyuhe bwamavuta yamavuta azimya nyuma yo gutsinda ikizamini ukurikije imiterere nyayo yibikoresho byakazi, ubunini bwambukiranya imiterere.
Iyo ukoresheje amavuta ashyushye kugirango uzimye, kugirango wirinde umuriro uterwa nubushyuhe bwa peteroli buterwa no kuzimya no gukonjesha, ibikoresho nkenerwa byo kuzimya umuriro bigomba gushyirwaho hafi yikigega cya peteroli. Byongeye kandi, igipimo cyiza cyamavuta yo kuzimya kigomba gupimwa buri gihe, kandi amavuta mashya agomba kuzuzwa cyangwa gusimburwa mugihe.
—Kongera ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya. Mugukwirakwiza neza ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya hanyuma kuzimya amavuta, ingaruka zo gukomera no kugabanya deformasiyo zirashobora kugerwaho. Mugihe ukoresheje ubu buryo bwo kuzimya, hagomba kwitonderwa kugirango hirindwe ibibazo nko guhunika ingano, kugabanya imitungo yubukorikori hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi byakazi kubera ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya.
—Gushyira hamwe no gushishoza. Ubu buryo kandi bufite akamaro kanini-gukomera, ibyuma bito bito byubatswe byubatswe nicyuma cyibikoresho, cyane cyane chromium irimo ibyuma bipfa byuma hamwe nibikorwa byihuta byihuta kandi bikomeye. Gutondekanya uburyo bwo kwiyuhagira bushyushye hamwe nuburyo bwo gukonjesha bwa austempering nuburyo bwibanze bwo kuzimya ubu bwoko bwibyuma. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, bifite akamaro kuri ibyo byuma bya karubone hamwe n’ibyuma bito byubatswe bidasaba gukomera cyane.
Iyo kuzimya ubwogero bushyushye, ibibazo bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho:
Ubwa mbere, mugihe ubwogero bwamavuta bukoreshwa mugutondekanya no kuzimya isothermal, ubushyuhe bwamavuta bugomba kugenzurwa cyane kugirango hatabaho umuriro.
Icya kabiri, iyo kuzimya amanota yumunyu wa nitrate, ikigega cyumunyu wa nitrate kigomba kuba gifite ibikoresho nkenerwa nibikoresho bikonjesha amazi. Kubindi byitonderwa, nyamuneka reba amakuru ajyanye, kandi ntuzongera kubisubiramo hano.
Icya gatatu, ubushyuhe bwa isothermal bugomba kugenzurwa cyane mugihe cyo kuzimya isothermal. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa buke ntibufasha kugabanya kuzimya. Mubyongeyeho, mugihe cya austempering, uburyo bwo kumanika urupapuro rwakazi bugomba gutoranywa kugirango hirindwe ihinduka ryatewe nuburemere bwakazi.
Icya kane, mugihe ukoresheje isothermal cyangwa urwego rwo kuzimya kugirango ukosore imiterere yakazi mugihe hashyushye, ibikoresho nibikoresho bigomba kuba byuzuye, kandi ibikorwa bigomba kwihuta mugihe cyo gukora. Irinde ingaruka mbi ku kuzimya ubuziranenge bwakazi.
Gukonjesha: Gukorana ubuhanga mugihe cyo gukonjesha bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumuzimya, cyane cyane iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuzimya amazi cyangwa amavuta.
-Icyerekezo Cyukuri cyo Kuzimya Hagati Yinjira: Mubisanzwe, uburinganire buringaniye cyangwa burambuye inkoni nkibikorwa byakazi bigomba kuzimwa muburyo bwo hagati. Ibice bitemewe birashobora kuzimwa kuruhande. Icyerekezo cyiza kigamije kwemeza gukonjesha kimwe mubice byose, hamwe no gukonjesha buhoro byinjira hagati yambere, bigakurikirwa nibice bikonje byihuse. Kuzirikana imiterere yakazi hamwe ningaruka zayo kumuvuduko ukonje ningirakamaro mubikorwa.
-Gutezimbere Ibikorwa mu kuzimya Hagati: Ibice bikonje buhoro bigomba guhangana nuburyo bwo kuzimya. Ibikorwa bisa neza bigomba gukurikira inzira iringaniye kandi imwe murwego rwo hagati, ikomeza amplitike ntoya kandi ikagenda vuba. Kubikorwa bito kandi birebire, gutuza mugihe cyo kuzimya ni ngombwa. Irinde guhindagurika kandi utekereze gukoresha clamps aho guhuza insinga kugirango ugenzure neza.
-Umuvuduko wo kuzimya: Ibikorwa bigomba kuzimwa vuba. By'umwihariko kubintu bito, nkibiti nkibikorwa, umuvuduko wo kuzimya buhoro birashobora gutuma habaho kwiyongera kugoreka no gutandukana muburyo bwo guhindura ibice byazimye mubihe bitandukanye.
-Gukonjesha: Kubikorwa byakazi bifite itandukaniro rinini mubunini bwambukiranya ibice, urinde ibice bikonjesha byihuse hamwe nibikoresho nkumugozi wa asibesitosi cyangwa amabati kugirango ugabanye ubukonje kandi ugere kubukonje bumwe.
-Gukonjesha Igihe mumazi: Kubikorwa byakazi cyane cyane bihindagurika bitewe nihungabana ryimiterere, gabanya igihe cyo gukonja mumazi. Kubikorwa byakazi cyane cyane bigenda bihindagurika bitewe nubushyuhe bwumuriro, ongera igihe cyo gukonja mumazi kugirango ugabanye kuzimya.
Byahinduwe na Gicurasi Jiang wo muri MAT Aluminium
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-21-2024
