Umuringa
Iyo igice gikingurutse-umuringa cya aluminium-umuringa 548, igisubizo ntarengwa cyumuringa muri aluminium ni 5.65%. Iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse kuri 302, kukesha umuringa ni 0.45%. Umuringa ni ikintu cyingenzi kandi gifite ingaruka zidasanzwe zo gushimangira. Byongeye kandi, umuhigi watewe no gusaza afite ingaruka zifatika zishimangira. Ibirimo umuringa muri aluminium mubisanzwe hagati ya 2,5% na 5%, hamwe ningaruka zikomeza iyo ari hagati ya 4% na 6.8%, niko ibirimo umuringa byambumbarwa cyane mucyaro kiri muri uru rwego. Magney-umuringa alloys irashobora kuba irimo silicon nke, Magnase, Chromium, zinc, ibyuma nibindi bintu.
Silicon
Iyo igice cya Aluminium kirimo sisitemu ya Al-SI Alutectike gifite ubushyuhe bwa 577, umukecuru ntarengwa wa silicon mubisubizo bikomeye ni 1.65%. Nubwo kwikebana bigabanuka kugabanuka ubushyuhe, ibi bikoresho mubisanzwe ntibishobora gushimangirwa nubuvuzi bwubushyuhe. Aluminum-Silicon Asloy ifite imitungo myiza hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Niba magnesium na silicon byongewe kuri aluminium icyarimwe kugirango ukore Aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy-silicon, icyiciro gikomeye ni mgsi. Ikigereranyo rusange cya Magnesium kuri Silicon ni 1.73: 1. Iyo ushushanyijeho ibigize al-Mg-SI Alloy, ibikubiye muri magnesium na silicon byashyizweho muri iki kigereranyo kuri matrix. Kugirango utezimbere imbaraga za al-Mg-SI Alloys, umubare ukwiye wongeyeho, kandi umubare ukwiye wa chromium yongeweho ingaruka mbi zumuringa mu kurwanya ibicuruzwa.
Igipimo ntarengwa cya MG2SI muri aluminium mu gice cya aluminium cya Aluminium cyagereranijwe cya sisitemu ya Al-MG2SI 1.85%, kandi kwifuza ni nto mugihe ubushyuhe bugabanuka. Muri alloys ya rohoninum, hiyongereyeho siliconi wenyine kuri aluminimu ku butegetsi bwo gusudira, kandi hiyongereyeho Silicon kuri Aluminiyumu nazo rifite ingaruka zimwe.
Magnesium
Nubwo imirongo yo kwikunda yerekana ko kunanirwa kwa magnesium muri aluminiyumu nkuko ubushyuhe bugabanuka, ibirimo bya magnesium mu nganda zahinduwe mu nganda zahinduwe mu Rwanda Ibirimo silicon nayo irafi. Ubu bwoko bwa Askoloy ntibushobora gushimangirwa nubuvuzi bwubushyuhe, ariko bufite ubushishozi bwiza, imbaraga nziza zo kurwanya ruswa, n'imbaraga ziciriritse. Gukomeza Aluminium na Magnesium biragaragara. Kuri buri cyiyongere 1% muri Magnesium, imbaraga za tensile ziyongera hafi ya 34mpa. Niba munsi ya 1% yongeyeho, ingaruka zikomeye zirashobora kongerwa. Kubwibyo, kongeramo manganese birashobora kugabanya magnesium ikubiyemo no kugabanya impengamiro yo gushyuha. Byongeye kandi, Manganese na we ashobora gushimangira ibice bya MG5OM8, kunoza indwara zo kurwanya ruswa no gutanga gusudira.
Manganese
Iyo ubushyuhe bwa eutectike bwo kuringaniza igishushanyo cya sisitemu ya al-Mn ALPy's sisitemu ya 658, kudukura cyane kwa Manganese mu gisubizo gikomeye ni 1.82%. Imbaraga za The the theloy iriyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwiyongera. Iyo ibirimo bya Manganese ari 0.8%, kurera bigera ku gaciro ntarengwa. Al-MN Abloy ni alloy idakomeye, ni ukuvuga, ntishobora gushimangirwa no kuvura ubushyuhe. Mangasese irashobora kubuza inzira yo gusubiramo amakuru ya alumini, yongera ubushyuhe bwo gusubiramo, no kunonosora cyane ibinyampeke byasubiwemo. Gutunganya ibinyampeke byasubiwemo ahanini biterwa nuko ibice byatatanye byimiryango ya MNAL6 bibangamira imikurire yimizabibu. Indi mirimo ya Mnal6 ni ugushonga neza icyuma kugirango ikore (Fe, Mn) AL6, kugabanya ingaruka mbi zicyuma. Mangasese nikintu cyingenzi muri aluminium alloys. Irashobora kongerwaho yonyine kugirango ikore al-mn binary alyy. Kenshi na kenshi, yongewe hamwe nibindi bigize. Kubwibyo, alloys nyinshi za aluminium irimo manganese.
Zinc
Kukesha agaciro ka zinc muri aluminiUm ni 31,6% kuri 275 mu gice cya Aluminiyumu cyicyiciro cya Aluminium cya sisitemu ya Al-Zn. Ongeraho Zinc wenyine Imbaraga za aluminium alumum mubihe byo guhindura. Muri icyo gihe, hari imyumvire yo guhangayikishwa na kanseri, bityo bikagabanya porogaramu zayo. Ongeraho zinc na magnesium kuri aluminum icyarimwe kugirango icyiciro gikomeye mg / zn2, gifite ingaruka zikomeye kuri alloy. Iyo MG / ZN2 yiyongereye kuva kuri 0.5% kugeza 12%, imbaraga za tensile nimbaraga zitanga imbaraga zirashobora kwiyongera cyane. Muri Superhard Aluminium aho ibirimo magnesium birenga amafaranga asabwa kugirango akore icyiciro cya MG / ZN2, mugihe igipimo cya Zinc kuri Magnesium kigenzurwa hafi 2.7, guhangayikishwa no guhindagura birakomeye. Kurugero, ongeraho ikintu cyumuringa kuri al-zn-mg ikora al-zg-cu urukurikirane rwa ALLY. Ingaruka fatizo zishimangira ni nini muri alloys zose. Numukino wa Aluminium Aluminium mu karopace, inganda zindege, hamwe ninganda zamashanyarazi.
Icyuma na silicon
Icyuma cyongeweho nkibikoresho byo muri Al-Cu-mg-ni-FE Urupapuro rwateguwe Aluminum muri Al-MG Alloys. Muri base aluminium alloys, Silicon na cyuma ni ibintu bisanzwe byumutekano, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumitungo ya alloy. Ahantu ahanini nka fecl3 na silicon yubuntu. Iyo silicon ari nini kuruta icyuma, β-Fessial3 (cyangwa Fe2si2Al9), kandi iyo icyuma ginini kuruta silicon, α-fe2sial8 (cyangwa fe3si2al12). Igihe igipimo cy'icyuma na silikoni kidakwiye, bizatera ibitagenda neza mu gutera. Iyo ibyuma mu ishuri ryajugunywe ari hejuru cyane, amagare azacika intege.
Titanium na Boron
Titanium ni ikintu gikunze gukoreshwa muri aluminium alloys, wongeyeho muburyo bwa al-ti cyangwa al-ti-b Master Aslay. Titanium na aluminium bagize icyiciro cya tial2, gihinduka intangiriro itari intandaro mugihe cya Crystallisation kandi kigira uruhare mugutunganya imiterere nimiterere. Iyo al-ti alloys ikorerwa reaction ya paki, ibintu bikomeye bya titanium ni 0.15%. Niba Boron ihari, buhoro buhoro ni ntoya nka 0.01%.
Chromium
Chromium nikintu gisanzwe kisanzwe muri al-Mg-SI Urukurikirane, al-Mg-ZN Urukurikirane, na Al-MG Urukurikirane rwa Alloys. Kuri 600 ° C, Kudakemura chromium muri aluminium ni 0.8%, kandi ahanini nibidahujwe mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Chromium ashyiraho ibice bya interineti nka (CRFE) AL7 na (CRMN) AL12 muri Aluminium, bikabuza imiterere no gukura no gukura mugarura amakimbirane kandi bigira ingaruka zimwe na bimwe bikomeza kuri alloy. Irashobora kandi kunoza ubukaze bwayo no kugabanya imbaraga zo guhagarika umutima.
Ariko, urubuga rwongera imitekerereze mibivite, kora firime yumuhondo. Ingano ya chromium yongewe kuri aluminium muri rusange ntabwo irenze 0.35%, kandi igabanuka hamwe nibice byinzibacyuho muri alloy.
Strontium
Strontium ni ikintu gikora neza gishobora guhindura imyitwarire yimiterere yimibare ya Crystallograpfically. Kubwibyo, kwivuza kwa strontium element birashobora kunoza imikorere ya plastike ya alloy nubwiza bwibicuruzwa byanyuma. Kubera igihe kirekire cyo guhindura, ingaruka nziza no kubyara, strontium yasimbuye ikoreshwa rya sodium muri al-si gutaka muburyo bwimyaka yashize. Ongeraho 0.015% ~ 0.03% strontium alloy kumurwango ihindura β-alfesi, igabanya igihe cyo gukora ingot kuri α% ~ 70%, kunoza imiterere ya mashini nibikoresho bya plastike; kunoza ubuso bwibicuruzwa.
Kuri silicon ndende (10% ~ 13%) yahinduye alloys, yongeyeho 0.02% ~ 0.07% Ikintu cya Strontium gishobora kugabanya kristu yibanze kuri byibuze, kandi imitungo nayo iratera imbere cyane. Imbaraga za Tensile бb ziva mu 2333Ma kugeza 236MMa, n'imbaraga zitanga Б0.2 Ongeraho strontium kuri hypereutectic al-SI alloy irashobora kugabanya ingano yimiterere yambere ya silicon, kunoza imitungo yo gutunganya plastike, no gukora imitungo yo gutunganya plastike, no gukora ihindagurika rishyushye kandi rikonje.
Zirconuum
Zirconuum nayo ni colleys isanzwe muri aluminium alloys. Mubisanzwe, amafaranga yongewe kuri aluminium alloys ni 0.1% ~ 0.3%. Zirconum na aluminium bagize ziral3 ibice, bishobora kubangamira gahunda yo gusubirwamo no kunonosora ibinyampeke. Zircoyumu irashobora kandi kunonosora imiterere, ariko ingaruka ni nto kurenza titanium. Kubaho za zirconium bizagabanya ingaruka zo gutunganya ingano ya titanium na Boron. Muri Al-ZG-MG-CU alloys, kubera ko zirconium ifite ingaruka ntoya ku buryo budashiramo ibintu bitari phromium na mangane, birakwiye gukoresha zirronium aho gukoresha chromium aho kuba.
Ibintu bidasanzwe byisi
Ibintu bidasanzwe byisi byongewe kuri aluminium kugirango wongere ikibazo cya supercool mugihe cya Aluminium, gabanya ibinyampeke Irashobora kandi kugabanya impagarara z'ubuso bwa shobuja, ongera amazi, kandi byorohereze mukwinjira mu ntebe, zifite ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa. Nibyiza kongeramo isi itandukanye mugihe kingana na 0.1%. Hyongerewe ku isi idasanzwe (ivanze la-ce-ce-pr-d, nibindi) igabanya ubushyuhe bukomeye bwo gushinga ubushyuhe g? P Zo Zo muri Al-0.61% MG-0.61% SI ALLY. Aluminum alloys irimo magneyium irashobora gukangura metamorphism yibintu bidasanzwe kwisi.
Umwanda
Ifishi ya Valisium Val11 yoroshye kuri aluminium, igira uruhare mu gutunganya ibinyampeke mugihe cyo gushonga no guta agaciro ka Titanium na zirconium. VaAdium nayo ifite ingaruka zo gutunganya imiterere yasubiwemo no kongera ubushyuhe bwo gusubiramo.
Kukeshagura gukomeye kwa calcium muri aluminium hasigaye cyane, kandi ikora ikigo cya caal4 hamwe na alumini. Calcium nikintu cyikiruro cya aluminium alloys. Aluminum alumunum hamwe na calcium 5% na 5% ya manganese ifite superprostique. Calcium na silicon ikora casi, idahujwe na aluminium. Kubera ko ibisubizo bifatika bya siliconi byagabanutse, ubwumvikane bw'amashanyarazi ahuza inganda burashobora kunozwa gato. Calcium irashobora kunoza imikorere yo gukata ya aluminium. Casi2 ntishobora gushimangira AlUminium alloys binyuze mubuvuzi bwubushyuhe. Kurikirana kwa Calcium bifasha mugukuraho hydrogen kuva alumunum ya molten.
Kuyobora, amabati, n'ibice bya Bismuth ni ingingo yo gushonga hasi. Kukeshagura gukomeye muri aluminium ni bito, bigabanya gato imbaraga za alloy, ariko birashobora kunoza imikorere yo guca. Bismuuth yaguka mugihe cyo gukomera, aribwo ingirakamaro kugaburira. Ongeraho Bismuth kuri magnesium alloys irashobora gukumira imyanda ya sodium.
Antimony ikoreshwa cyane cyane nkuburyo bwo guhinduranya cast aluminium, kandi ni gake ikoreshwa muri alloys ya roma. Gusa shyira Bismuth muri Al-MG yahinduye aluminium alyloy kugirango wirinde kwamburwa sodium. Ikintu cya Antimony cyongewe kuri al-ZG-MG-CU alloys kugirango inoze imikorere yimikorere ishyushye kandi ikonje.
Beryllium irashobora kunoza imiterere ya firime ya oxide muri roma yamugaye aluminium kandi igabanye igihombo cyaka kandi kirimo gushishoza no guta. Beryllium nikintu cyuburozi gishobora gutera uburozi bwa allergic mubantu. Kubwibyo, Beryllium ntishobora gukubitwa muri aluminium ihuza ibyo bihura nibiryo n'ibinyobwa. Ibirimo Beryllium mubikoresho byo gusudira mubisanzwe bigenzurwa munsi ya 8μg / ml. Aluminum alloys ikoreshwa nkibimenyetso byo gusudira bigomba no kugenzura ibirimo beryllium.
Sodium irasuzugura muri aluminiyumu, kandi ntarengwa ntarengwa yo kwikecuru ni munsi ya 0.0025%. Ingingo yo gushonga ya sodium iri hasi (97.8 ℃), iyo sodium ihari muri alloy, yishyurwa hejuru yuburinganire cyangwa umupaka wingano mugihe cyo gukomera, sodium kumupaka winteko, bikaviramo kuvuza insinga, gushiraho ibigo bya Naalsi, nta sodium yubusa ibaho, kandi ntabwo itanga "Sodium treque".
Iyo magnesium irenze 2%, Magnesium ifata Silicon ifata sodium yubuntu, bikaviramo "sodium inkeri". Kubwibyo, magnesium aluminum alloy ntabwo yemerewe gukoresha sodium yumunyu. Uburyo bwo gukumira "Sodium wanduye" harimo chlogination, itera sodium gukora Nacl kandi isohoka muri Slag kandi isohoka muri Slag, yongeraho Bismuth kugirango akore Na2bi kandi yinjira muri Matrix; Ongeraho antimony kugirango ukore Na3SB cyangwa wongeyeho isi idasanzwe irashobora kandi kugira ingaruka imwe.
Byahinduwe na Gicurasi Jiang Kuva Mat Aluminium
Igihe cya nyuma: Aug-08-2024
