Gushonga uburinganire hamwe no guhora kwa aluminiyumu ni ingenzi cyane ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, cyane cyane iyo bigeze ku mikorere yimbuto n'ibikoresho bitunganijwe. Mugihe cyo gushonga, ibigize ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu bigomba kugenzurwa cyane kugirango hirindwe gutandukanya ibice hamwe n’uburinganire bw’ingano, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye imiterere y’ubukanishi, kurwanya ruswa no gukoresha ibikoresho bya nyuma.
Guhuza uburinganire bifitanye isano rya bugufi na aluminiyumu ivanze, ibikoresho byo gushonga, ibipimo bitunganijwe, nibindi. Mugihe cyo gukina, imyitwarire yo gukomera kwamazi ya aluminiyumu mubushyuhe butandukanye igena imiterere yimbere yibikoresho. Ubushyuhe bwa gradient, igipimo cyo gukonjesha, nibindi bizagira ingaruka kubunini bwingano no gukwirakwiza ingot, hanyuma bigire ingaruka kumiterere yibikoresho. Mugucunga ubushyuhe bwo gushonga, kuvura homogenisation nubundi buryo bwa tekiniki, ibibazo byo gutandukanya ibice hamwe nubunini bwingano ntibishobora kugabanuka neza.
Kuringaniza uburinganire no guhuza ibinini bya aluminiyumu nibibazo byingenzi kugirango harebwe ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, bifitanye isano itaziguye n’ibipimo byinshi byingenzi nkibikoresho bya mashini, kurwanya ruswa no gutunganya imikorere ya casting. Guhuriza hamwe no guhuzagurika bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi nko gukwirakwiza ibintu, kugenzura ingano ingano, hamwe n imyitwarire yo gukomera kwa alloy mugihe cyo gushonga.
1. Akamaro ko gushonga
Muburyo bwo gushonga bwa aluminiyumu, gukwirakwiza kimwe kwicyuma nikintu cyibanze gisabwa kugirango imikorere ikorwe. Niba kugenzura ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gushonga bidahindagurika, ibintu biri muri alloy birashobora gutandukana, bikavamo ibice byaho bidahuye. Ibigize bitaringaniye bizatera itandukaniro ryimikorere mugihe gikurikiraho cyo gukomera no gutunganya, kugabanya imbaraga za mashini, gukomera no kurwanya ruswa yibicuruzwa. Uburinganire buke mu gushonga bizatera uduce duto cyangwa intege nke mubikoresho, byoroshye cyane gukora ibice no gutsindwa.
2. Gutunganya ibinyampeke mugihe cyo gukina
Ingano n'imiterere y'ibinyampeke bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye imiterere ya casting no gushiraho inenge. Mugihe cyo gukomera kwa aluminiyumu, niba ibinyampeke ari binini cyane cyangwa bitaringaniye, akenshi bikora microstructures itifuzwa nka kristu yinkingi hamwe na kristu yo mu mababa, bishobora gutuma byoroshye guterana kumeneka cyangwa kubyara izindi nenge mugihe cyo gukoresha. Mu rwego rwo gukumira ibyo bintu, tekinoroji yo gutunganya ikoreshwa mugutezimbere ingano.
Gukoresha abatunganya ni inzira nziza yo gukemura iki kibazo. By'umwihariko, kwinjiza aluminium-titanium-boron itunganya ibintu bifite iterambere ryinshi kuri microstructure ya aluminium alloy ingots. Mugushyiramo ibinonosoye, ibinyampeke birashobora kunonosorwa kuburyo bugaragara, microstructure nkeya-yibikoresho byinshi birashobora guhuzwa, hamwe na kristu yinkingi hamwe nubunini bwimbuto zirashobora kugabanuka. Ingaruka zifatika za TiAl₃ na TiB₂ muri aluminium-titanium-boron itunganya byongera umubare wa kirisiti ya kirisiti, iteza imbere kubyara nuclei ya kirisiti mu mazi ya aluminiyumu, bigatuma ibinyampeke biba byiza kandi bihuje, bityo bikazamura ubwiza nubukanishi bwa Kasting.
Iyo ukoresheje abatunganya, kugirango ubone ingaruka nziza, birakenewe kugenzura neza umubare nuburyo bwo kongeramo. Mubisanzwe, umubare wabatunganya wongeyeho ugomba kuba muke. Kwiyongera cyane bizaganisha ku gutunganya ingano zikabije kandi bigire ingaruka ku gukomera kwamavuta, mugihe bike cyane bizavamo kunonosorwa bidahagije. Byongeye kandi, isaranganya ry’uruganda rugomba kuba rumwe kugirango wirinde gukabya gukabije cyangwa kubura gushonga, kugirango habeho gutunganya ingano imwe ya casting yose.
3. Kugenzura ubushyuhe no gukurura tekinoroji mugihe cyo gushonga
Gushonga uburinganire bigira ingaruka cyane kubushakashatsi bwubushyuhe hamwe nuburyo bukurura. Iyo gushonga aluminiyumu, ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu gushonga no gutembera kwicyuma gishongeshejwe bigira uruhare rukomeye muburinganire bwibigize. Ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane cyangwa buke cyane burashobora gutera ibice bitaringaniye cyangwa ibinyampeke bito. Binyuze mu bushyuhe buringaniye bwo kugenzura, gutandukanya ibisubizo mu gushonga birashobora kugabanuka neza.
Muri icyo gihe, tekinoroji ikangura igira uruhare runini mugushonga. Binyuze mu buryo bwa mashini cyangwa electromagnetiki ikurura, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamazi ya aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu burashobora gucika, kugirango igisubizo gikwirakwizwe neza mugice cyamazi kandi gukungahaza ibintu birabujijwe. Uburinganire bwo gukurura bugira ingaruka itaziguye kubigize gushonga hamwe nubwiza bukomeye. Kugenzura mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro umuvuduko ukabije nigihe, cyane cyane gukurura bihagije nyuma yo kongeramo abayinonosora, birashobora kunoza uburinganire rusange bwashonga kandi bikagira ingaruka nziza yo gutunganya ingano.
4. Kugenzura microstructure mugihe cyo gukomera
Igikorwa cyo gukomera nicyiciro cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kuri microstructure ya aluminium alloy casting. Mugihe cyo gukomera, ubushyuhe bwikwirakwizwa ryikibanza cyashonze imbere, imyitwarire yo kugabura byimazeyo, hamwe nubwihindurize bwimiterere yibinyampeke bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya casting ya nyuma. Kubintu byiza cyane bya aluminiyumu ivanze, birakenewe kugenzura igipimo cyo gukonjesha, supercooling, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa termodinamike yimbere yimbere yimbere mugihe gikomeye.
Mugihe cyo gukomera, gukonjesha byihuse bifasha gukora imiterere ihwanye na kirisiti kandi igabanya igipimo cya kristu. Muguhindura igipimo cyo gukonjesha no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwikigereranyo mugihe cyo gukonjesha, uburinganire bwimiterere yingano burashobora kunozwa neza. Byongeye kandi, kubice binini byateguwe, uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa homogenisation busanzwe bukoreshwa mugukuraho ikwirakwizwa ryikwirakwizwa ryibyiciro byimvura kandi bikarushaho kunoza uburinganire nuburinganire bwibikoresho.
5. Gukomeza guteza imbere tekinoroji yo gushonga
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe no gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi bya aluminiyumu, tekinoroji yo gushonga nayo yagiye ikomeza gutera imbere, cyane cyane iyinjizwa rya tekinoroji yo kugenzura ubwenge. Ibikoresho bigezweho bya aluminium alloy yita cyane kandi byitondewe kugenzura byikora. Binyuze kumurongo wo kugenzura no kugenzura kumurongo, ibigize, ubushyuhe hamwe nogutunganya ingano yumushonga birashobora gukurikiranwa mugihe nyacyo kugirango habeho ituze hamwe nuburinganire bwibikorwa byo gushonga.
Byongeye kandi, hamwe nogutezimbere uburyo bwo gushonga, tekinoroji nko gushonga mugihe gito no kuvura kumurongo byatangiye kumenyekana buhoro buhoro. Iri koranabuhanga ntiritezimbere gusa umusaruro, ahubwo rigabanya neza gukoresha ingufu nigiciro cyumusaruro, bikarushaho guteza imbere ivugurura rya tekinoroji ya aluminiyumu.
Mubikorwa bya aluminium alloy gushonga, uburinganire no guhuzagurika ni ngombwa kugirango ibicuruzwa bibe byiza. Binyuze mu gukoresha mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro, kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe no gukurura ikoranabuhanga, imiterere y’ibinyampeke no kugabanganya ingot irashobora kunozwa ku buryo bugaragara kugira ngo casting ifite imiterere y’ubukanishi n’ubuziranenge buhamye. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, inzira yo gushonga ya aluminiyumu iragenda igana ubwenge no kunonosorwa, kandi ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu bivanze bikomeza kunozwa.
Mubyongeyeho, kongeramo abatunganya ni igipimo cyingenzi cyo kunoza uburinganire bwa aluminiyumu. Imikoreshereze ya aluminium-titanium-boron irashobora kunoza cyane imiterere-yo gukuza cyane ingot no kugabanya inenge nka kristu yamababa hamwe na kristu yinkingi. Nubwo kwemeza ingano yo gutunganya ingano, ubu bwoko bwo gutunganya bugomba no kugenzura umubare wabwo nogusaranganya, kwemeza uburinganire bwabyo, no kwirinda guhuriza hamwe. Kugirango harebwe uburyo bwo gushonga no guta ubuziranenge bwa aluminiyumu, birakenewe ko hajyaho uburyo bwo gushonga, gutunganya ibinyampeke, no kugenzura byimazeyo ikwirakwizwa ryibintu bivangwa.
Mubikorwa bya aluminium alloy gushonga, uburinganire no guhuzagurika ni ngombwa kugirango ibicuruzwa bibe byiza. Binyuze mu gukoresha mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro, kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe no gukurura ikoranabuhanga, imiterere y’ibinyampeke no kugabanganya ingot irashobora kunozwa ku buryo bugaragara, byemeza ko gukina bifite imiterere y’ubukanishi kandi bifite ireme. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, inzira yo gushonga ya aluminiyumu igenda igana ubwenge no kunonosorwa, no gukomeza kuzamura ireme ryibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-27-2024
