Reuters isa nkaho ifite amasoko meza muri Tesla. Muri raporo yo ku ya 14 Nzeri 2023, ivuga ko abantu batageze kuri 5 babibwiye ko iyi sosiyete iri hafi kugera ku ntego yayo yo guta munsi y’imodoka zayo mu gice kimwe. Gupfa gukina mubyukuri ni inzira yoroshye rwose. Kora ifumbire, uyuzuze ibyuma bishongeshejwe, reka bikonje, ukureho ifu, na voila! Imodoka ako kanya. Cyakora neza niba ukora imodoka ya Tinkertoys cyangwa Matchbox, ariko biragoye cyane niba ugerageje kuyikoresha kugirango ukore ibinyabiziga byuzuye.
Amagare ya Conestoga yubatswe hejuru yamakaramu akozwe mu biti. Imodoka zo hambere nazo zakoreshaga ibiti. Igihe Henry Ford yaremye umurongo wa mbere wo guterana, ihame ryari ukubaka imodoka kumurongo wurwego - ibyuma bibiri byuma bifatanye hamwe nibice byambukiranya. Imodoka ya mbere ikora unibody ni Citroen Traction Avant mu 1934, ikurikirwa na Chrysler Airflow umwaka ukurikira.
Imodoka imwe idafite ikadiri munsi yabyo. Ahubwo, umubiri wicyuma urakorwa kandi ugakorwa kuburyo ishobora gushyigikira uburemere bwimodoka kandi ikarinda abayirimo mugihe habaye impanuka. Guhera mu myaka ya za 1950, abakora amamodoka, babitewe no guhanga udushya twakozwe n’amasosiyete y’Abayapani nka Honda na Toyota, bahinduye gukora imodoka zidafite umubiri hamwe n’ibinyabiziga by’imbere.
Powertrain yose, yuzuye hamwe na moteri, ihererekanyabubasha, itandukanyirizo, ibinyabiziga, imirongo, na feri, byashyizwe kumurongo wihariye washyizwe hejuru uhereye hepfo kumurongo witeranirizo, aho guta moteri no guhererekanya bivuye hejuru yinzira yakorewe imodoka zubatswe kumurongo. Impamvu yo guhinduka? Ibihe byiteranirizo byihuse byatumye ibiciro byumusaruro bigabanuka.
Igihe kinini, tekinoroji ya unibody yatoranijwe kumodoka yiswe ubukungu mugihe amakadiri yintambwe yahisemo sedan nini nini. Hariho imvange zimwe zivanze - imodoka zifite gari ya moshi imbere zerekejwe mucyumba kimwe cyabagenzi. Chevy Nova na MGB bari ingero ziyi nzira, itaramba.
Tesla Pivots Kumashanyarazi Yinshi
Tesla, yagize akamenyero ko guhungabanya uburyo imodoka zikorwa, yatangiye kugerageza hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’imyaka myinshi ishize. Ubwa mbere yibanze ku gukora imiterere yinyuma. Iyo ibonye ubwo burenganzira, yahinduye gukora imiterere yimbere. Ubu, nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, Tesla yibanze ku gitutu cyo gutera imbere, hagati, n’inyuma byose mu gikorwa kimwe.
Kubera iki? Kuberako tekinoroji gakondo yo gukora ikoresha kashe zigera kuri 400 kugiti cyazo hanyuma zigomba gusudwa, guhindurwa, gusunikwa, cyangwa gufatanyirizwa hamwe kugirango zikore imiterere yuzuye. Niba Tesla ishobora kubona ubu burenganzira, igiciro cyayo cyo gukora gishobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 50%. Ibyo na byo, bizashyiraho igitutu kinini kubandi bose bakora kugirango basubize cyangwa basange badashobora guhangana.
Ntawabura kuvuga ko abo bakora ibicuruzwa bumva bakubiswe impande zose mugihe abakozi ba sendika uppity bakubise amarembo bagasaba igice kinini cyinyungu zose ziracyakorwa.
Terry Woychowsk, wakoraga muri General Motors imyaka mirongo itatu, azi ikintu kimwe cyangwa bibiri bijyanye no gukora imodoka. Ubu ni perezida wa sosiyete y’ubwubatsi yo muri Amerika Caresoft Global. Yatangarije Reuters ko niba Tesla aramutse abonye gigacast hafi ya bose munsi ya EV, byahungabanya uburyo imodoka zakozwe kandi zikora. Ati: "Nibishobora kuri steroid. Ifite uruhare runini mu nganda, ariko ni umurimo utoroshye. Gukina biragoye cyane gukora, cyane cyane binini kandi bigoye. ”
Babiri muri ayo masoko bavuze ko uburyo bushya bwa Tesla bwo gukora no gukora inganda bivuze ko isosiyete ishobora guteza imbere imodoka kuva hasi kugeza mu mezi 18 kugeza 24, mu gihe benshi mu bahanganye bashobora gufata ahantu hose kuva mu myaka itatu cyangwa ine. Ikadiri nini nini - ihuza ibice byimbere ninyuma hamwe nu gice cyo hagati aho bateri iba - irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora imodoka nshya, ntoya yamashanyarazi igura amadorari 25.000. Biteganijwe ko Tesla izahitamo niba apfa guta igice kimwe vuba muri uku kwezi, nk'uko byatangajwe na batatu.
Ibibazo bikomeye biri imbere
Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye kuri Tesla mugukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi ni ugushushanya subframes zidafite umwobo ariko zifite imbavu zimbere zikenewe kugirango zishobore gukwirakwiza imbaraga zibaho mugihe cyimpanuka. Inkomoko zivuga ko ari udushya twifashishije inzobere mu gushushanya no gutara mu Bwongereza, Ubudage, Ubuyapani, na Amerika bifashisha icapiro rya 3D n'umucanga mu nganda.
Gukora ibishushanyo bikenewe kugirango umuvuduko ukabije wibice binini birashobora kuba bihenze kandi bizana ingaruka nyinshi. Inzobere nini yo gupima icyuma imaze gukorwa, gutunganya imashini mu gihe cyo gushushanya bishobora gutwara amadorari 100.000 yo kugenda, cyangwa kugabanya ibishishwa burundu bishobora kugera kuri miliyoni 1.5, nkuko byatangajwe n’inzobere imwe mu gukina. Undi yavuze ko igishushanyo mbonera cyose gikozwe mu cyuma kinini gishobora gutwara hafi miliyoni 4 z'amadolari.
Abakora amamodoka menshi basanze ikiguzi hamwe ningaruka zishobora kuba nyinshi, cyane cyane ko igishushanyo gishobora gukenera igice cya cumi cyangwa icumi kugirango habeho gupfa neza biturutse ku rusaku no kunyeganyega, bikwiye kandi birangiye, ergonomique no guhanuka. Ariko ibyago nikintu kidakunze kubabaza Elon Musk, wabaye uwambere mu gukora roketi ziguruka inyuma.
Inganda zumucanga & Icapiro rya 3D
Tesla ngo yerekeje ku bigo bikora ibizamini biva mu mucanga winganda hamwe nicapiro rya 3D. Ukoresheje dosiye yububiko bwa digitale, printer izwi nka binder jets ibika ibintu bihuza amazi kumurongo muto wumucanga hanyuma buhoro buhoro wubaka ifumbire, igorofa kumurongo, ishobora gupfa gushonga. Nk’uko isoko imwe ibivuga, ikiguzi cyibikorwa byo kwemeza hamwe no guta umucanga bigura hafi 3% yo gukora ikintu kimwe hamwe na prototype yicyuma.
Ibyo bivuze ko Tesla ishobora guhindura prototypes inshuro nyinshi bikenewe, igasubiramo bundi bushya mumasaha make ukoresheje imashini ziva mumasosiyete nka Desktop Metal hamwe na ExOne yayo. Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kwemeza ukoresheje umusenyi bifata amezi abiri kugeza kuri atatu gusa, bibiri mu masoko yavuze ko, ugereranije n’ahantu hose kuva ku mezi atandatu kugeza ku mwaka kubumba bikozwe mu cyuma.
Nubwo ibyo byoroshye guhinduka, ariko, haracyari izindi mbogamizi ikomeye yo gutsinda mbere yuko ibinini binini byakorwa neza. Amavuta ya aluminiyumu akoreshwa mu gukora casting yitwara mu buryo butandukanye mu bishushanyo bikozwe mu mucanga kuruta uko bikozwe mu bicapo bikozwe mu cyuma. Prototypes ya mbere akenshi yananiwe kubahiriza ibisobanuro bya Tesla.
Inzobere mu bijyanye no gukina zatsinze ko mu gukora ibishishwa bidasanzwe, gutunganya neza uburyo bwo gukonjesha ibishishwa byashongeshejwe, ndetse no kuzana ubushyuhe nyuma y’umusaruro, nk'uko byatangajwe na batatu muri bo. Tesla imaze kunyurwa n'umusenyi wa prototype, irashobora gushora imari mubyuma byanyuma kugirango ikorwe.
Amakuru avuga ko imodoka ya Tesla igiye kuza / robotaxi yayihaye amahirwe meza yo gutera urubuga rwa EV mu gice kimwe, cyane cyane ko munsi yacyo yoroshye. Imodoka nto ntizifite "overhang" nini imbere n'inyuma. Ati: "Ninkubwato muburyo, inzira ya bateri ifite amababa mato afatanye kumpande zombi. Ibyo byumvikana gukora mu gice kimwe, ”umuntu umwe yagize ati.
Amakuru atugeraho avuga ko Tesla agomba guhitamo ubwoko bw'imashini yakoresha niba yiyemeje guta umuntu mu gice kimwe. Kugirango ukore ibice binini byumubiri bizakenera imashini nini zo gutara zifite ingufu za toni 16,000 cyangwa zirenga. Imashini nkizo zizaba zihenze kandi zishobora gusaba inyubako nini zinganda.
Imashini zifite imbaraga zo gufatana ntishobora kwakira ibyuma byacapwe 3D byacapwe bikenewe kugirango habeho subframes. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, Tesla ikoresha ubundi bwoko bw'imashini zishobora gushiramo buhoro buhoro - uburyo bukunda kubyara umusaruro mwiza kandi bushobora kwakira umusenyi.
Ikibazo ni: iyo nzira ifata igihe kirekire. Umwe muri abo bantu yagize ati: "Tesla irashobora guhitamo umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutanga umusaruro, cyangwa bagahitamo guterwa buhoro buhoro inshinge nziza kandi zitandukanye". “Kugeza ubu biracyari igiceri.”
Kwikuramo
Icyemezo cyose Tesla yafata, kizagira ingaruka zizagenda ziyongera mu nganda z’imodoka ku isi. Tesla, nubwo igabanuka ryibiciro rikomeye, iracyakora imodoka zamashanyarazi kubwinyungu - ikintu abakora amamodoka umurage biragoye gukora.
Niba Tesla ishobora kugabanya ibiciro byayo byo gukora cyane ikoresheje umuvuduko mwinshi, ayo masosiyete azagira igitutu kinini mubukungu. Ntabwo bigoye kwiyumvisha ibyabaye kuri Kodak na Nokia bibabaho. Aho ibyo byava mubukungu bwisi nabakozi bose bakora imodoka zisanzwe ni umuntu wese ubitekereza.
Inkomoko:https:
Umwanditsi: Steve Hanley
Byahinduwe na Gicurasi Jiang wo muri MAT Aluminium
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-05-2024
