Ikizamini cya Tensile cyimbaraga gikoreshwa cyane mu kumenya ubushobozi bwibikoresho byicyuma kugirango urwanye ibyangiritse mugihe cyo kurambura, kandi nikimwe mubipimo byingenzi byo gusuzuma imiterere yibikoresho.
1. Ikizamini cya Tensile
Ikizamini cya Tensile gishingiye kumahame shingiro yubukanishi. Mugukoresha umutwaro wa tensile kumitwe yibintu mubihe bimwe, bitera imyuka ya tesinile kugeza icyitegererezo kimenetse. Mugihe cyo kwipimisha, imyuka yicyitegererezo cyubushakashatsi munsi yimitwaro itandukanye hamwe numutwaro ntarengwa mugihe icyitegererezo cyanditswe, kugirango ubaze imbaraga zitanga, imbaraga zidasanzwe nibindi bipimo ngenderwaho nibindi bikoresho.
Stress σ = f / a
σ nimbaraga za tensile (MPA)
F ni umutwaro wa tensile (n)
A nigice cyambukiranya igice cyigice
2. Imirongo ya Tensile
Isesengura ryibyingenzi byinzira ndende:
a. Muri OP Stade hamwe numutwaro muto, kurambura biri mumibanire yumurongo numutwaro, na FP numutwaro ntarengwa kugirango ukomeze umurongo ugororotse.
b. Umutwaro urenze FP, umurongo wa tensile utangira gufata umubano utari umurongo. Icyitegererezo cyinjira murwego rwa mbere rwo guhindura, kandi umutwaro uvanyweho, kandi icyitegererezo gishobora gusubira muburyo bwambere no guhindura cyane.
c. Umutwaro urenze Fe, umutwaro ukurwaho, igice cyimihindagurikire irasubizwa, kandi igice cyibice gisigaye gigumirwa, cyitwa plaint defortion. Fe yitwa imipaka ya elastique.
d. Iyo umutwaro wongereye kure, umurongo wa tensile werekana sametooth. Iyo umutwaro utiyongera cyangwa ugabanuka, phenomenon yo kurangira urugero rwibihe byubushakashatsi byitwa gutanga umusaruro. Nyuma yo kwiyegurira, icyitegererezo gitangira guhindura plastique igaragara.
e. Nyuma yo kwiyegurira, icyitegererezo cyerekana ubwiyongere bwo kurwanya imyuka, gukora cyane no gukomera. Iyo umutwaro ugeze kuri fb, igice kimwe cyicyitegererezo kigabanuka cyane. FB nimbaraga zumbaraga.
f. Igihangange cyamato kiganisha ku kugabanuka mu bushobozi bwo kwirinda icyitegererezo. Iyo umutwaro ugera kuri FK, icyitegererezo. Ibi byitwa umutwaro wo kuvunika.
Imbaraga Zitanga umusaruro
Imbaraga zitanga imbaraga nigiciro ntarengwa cyicyuma gishobora kwihanganira kuva itangira rya plastike kugirango uvunikire byuzuye mugihe ukorerwa imbaraga zo hanze. Agaciro kiranga aho byimfashanyigisho ziva muri elarformation ya elaformation ya elarfortion kuri statution ya plastike.
Gutondekanya
Imbaraga Zitanga umusaruro: bivuga guhangayikishwa ntarengwa yicyitegererezo mbere yuko imbaraga zigabanuka bwa mbere mugihe utanze bibaye.
Imbaraga zitanga umusaruro: bivuga imihangayiko ntarengwa murwego rwo gutanga umusaruro mugihe ingaruka zambere zirengagijwe. Kubera ko agaciro k'ahantu heza harahagaze neza, ubusanzwe ikoreshwa nk'ikimenyetso cyo kurwanya ibintu, byitwa gutanga umusaruro cyangwa imbaraga.
Formula yo kubara
Ku mbaraga zo hejuru zitanga: r = f / sₒ, aho f nimbaraga ntarengwa mbere yingabo zigabanuka kumwanya wambere wicyiciro cyambere, kandi sₒ nigice cyambere cyambukiranya igiciro cyicyitegererezo.
Ku mbaraga zisumba ryinshi: r = f / sₒ, aho f nimbaraga ntoya f yirengagije ingaruka zambere, kandi sₒ nigice cyumwimerere cyambukiranya igiciro cyicyitegererezo.
Igice
Igice cyimbaraga zitanga umusaruro mubisanzwe MPA (Megapascal) cyangwa N / MM² (Newton kuri milimetero kare).
Urugero
Fata ibyuma bike nkurugero, imipaka yacyo ni 207Ma. Iyo bakorewe imbaraga zo hanze zirenze iyi mipaka, ibyuma bike bya karubone bizatanga ibisobanuro bihoraho kandi ntibishobora gusubizwa; Iyo bakorewe imbaraga zo hanze zitari nke, ibyuma bike bya karubone birashobora gusubira muburyo bwambere.
Imbaraga zitanga nimwe mubipimo byingenzi byo gusuzuma imitungo yibikoresho byicyuma. Irerekana ubushobozi bwibikoresho kugirango inanire deformation ya plastike mugihe ikorerwa imbaraga zo hanze.
Imbaraga za Tensile
Imbaraga za tensile nubushobozi bwibikoresho byo kurwanya ibyangiritse munsi yumutwaro wa tensile, ugaragazwa cyane cyane nkigiciro ntarengwa cyo guhangayika kuburyo ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira mugihe cya tensile. Iyo imihangayiko minure kubintu birenze imbaraga zayo, ibikoresho bizahinduka bya plastike cyangwa kuvunika.
Formula yo kubara
Itondekanya kubara ku mbaraga za Tensile (σt) ni:
σt = f / a
Aho f ari imbaraga ntarengwa za terefone (Newton, n) ko icyitegererezo gishobora kwihanganira mbere yo gucika, kandi A nicyo gice cyambukiranya igiciro cya Spemimen (Milimetero kare, Mm²).
Igice
Igice cyimbaraga za Tensile mubisanzwe mpa (megalistal) cyangwa n / mm² (Newton kuri milimetero kare). 1 MPA ihwanye na 1.000.000 nshya kuri metero kare, nayo ihwanye na 1 n / mm².
Ibyiringiro byagize ingaruka
Imbaraga za tensile zigira ingaruka kubintu byinshi, harimo ibigize imiti, ibikorwa byubushyuhe, uburyo bwo kuvura butunganye, nibindi bikoresho bitandukanye, birakenewe kugirango uhitemo ibikoresho bikwiye bishingiye kumiterere ya Machic ibikoresho.
Gusaba
Imbaraga za tensile ni parameter ikomeye cyane mumirima yibikoresho siyanse nubuhanga, kandi akenshi ikoreshwa mugusuzuma imiterere yibikoresho. Kubijyanye no gushushanya imiterere, guhitamo ibikoresho, isuzuma ry'umutekano, nibindi, imbaraga za kanseri ni ikintu kigomba gusuzumwa. Kurugero, mubuhanga bwubwubatsi, imbaraga za kanseri yicyuma nikintu cyingenzi mukumenya niba bishobora kwihanganira imitwaro; Mu murima wa Aerospace, imbaraga za kanseri zo mu buryo bworoshye kandi zikoreshwa cyane ni urufunguzo rwo kwemeza umutekano w'indege.
Imbaraga z'umunaniro:
Umunaniro wicyuma bivuga aho ibikoresho nibigize bitanga buhoro buhoro ibyangiritse aho byangiritse muri kimwe cyangwa ahantu hashobora guhangayika
Ibiranga
Guturika mugihe: Kunanirwa kw'ibyuma bikunze kubaho mu gitunguranye mugihe gito nta bimenyetso bigaragara.
Aho uhagaze mu mwanya: Kunanirwa kw'umunaniho bikunze kugaragara mu turere duhangayikishijwe.
Kumva ibidukikije nindyushya: Umunuko wuburani wunvikana cyane ibidukikije ninzego nto imbere yibikoresho, bishobora kwihutisha inzira yumunani.
Ibyiringiro byagize ingaruka
Stress Amplitude: ubunini bwo guhangayikishwa bigira ingaruka muburyo bwumunani bwicyuma.
Impuzandengo yo guhangayika ubunini: Inzitizi zisanzwe, mu buryo bugufi ubuzima bwumunani.
Umubare wizunguruka: inshuro nyinshi icyuma kiri munsi ya garict cyangwa stin, birakomeye cyane kwegeranya umunaniro.
Ingamba zo gukumira
Hindura guhitamo ibikoresho: Hitamo ibikoresho bifite imipaka yo hejuru.
Kugabanya imihangayiko yibanze: Kugabanya uburyo bwo guhangayikishwa binyuze muburyo bwo gutunganya cyangwa gutunganya ibintu, nko gukoresha inzibacyuho, kongera ibice byambukiranya igice, nibindi.
Kuvura hejuru: gusya, gutera, nibindi kuruhande rwibyuma kugirango ugabanye hejuru inenge kandi utezimbere imbaraga zumunani.
Kugenzura no kubungabunga: Gukurikirana buri gihe ibice byicyuma kugirango umenye neza no gusana inenge nko kumena; Komeza ibice bikunda umunaniro, nko gusimbuza ibice byambarwa kandi bishimangira amahuza.
Umunaniro wicyuma ni uburyo rusange bwo gutsindwa bwicyuma, burangwa no gutunguranye, ahantu hamwe no kwiyumvisha ibidukikije. Stress Amplitude, impuzandengo yo guhangayikishwa numubare wizunguruka nimpamvu nyamukuru igira ingaruka ku munaniro.
SN CURVE: isobanura ubuzima bwumunani bwibikoresho byurwego butandukanye bwo guhangayika, aho s ahagarariye imihangayiko kandi n byerekana umubare wimikorere.
Umubyiburo Imbaraga Coefgelet:
(Kf = ka \ cdot kb \ cdot kc \ cdot kd \ cdot ke)
Aho (ka) nikintu cyumutwaro, (KB) nicyo kintu cyimiterere, (kc) nicyo kibumbanyi, (kd) nuburyo bwiza cyane, kandi (ke) ni ikintu cyizewe.
SN SHAKA IMITERERE YINYAMAKURU:
(\ sigma ^ m n = c)
Aho (\ sigma) ni imihangayiko, n numubare winshuro hangazi, na m na c ni burigihe.
INTAMBWE
Menya Ibihaha:
Menya indangagaciro za M na C unyuze mubushakashatsi cyangwa nukuvuga kubuvanga.
Menya ibintu byibanda ku guhangayika: Reba imiterere nyayo y'igice, ndetse no kwibanda ku byuzuzanya, nyakubahwa, n'ibindi, kumenyekana impengamiro ya Strong K. Kubara Impurugero Ikintu cyakoranyirizwagamo, uhujwe nubuzima bwo gushushanya no guhangayikishwa nurwego rwabakozi, kubara imbaraga zumunani.
2. Plastike:
Plastike bivuga umutungo wibikoresho, mugihe ukorewe imbaraga zo hanze, zitanga uburyo buhoraho utavunitse mugihe imbaraga zo hanze zirenze imipaka ya elastique. Iyi mihindagurikire irasubirwaho, kandi ibikoresho ntibizasubira muburyo bwambere nubwo imbaraga zo hanze zavanyweho.
Idositike
Kuramba (Δ)
Igisobanuro: Kurambura ni ijanisha ryibishushanyo mbonera byigice cya Gauge nyuma yicyitegererezo ni tensile yavunitse kugeza uburebure bwumwimerere.
Formula: Δ = (L1 - L0) / L0 × 100%
Aho l0 aribwo burebure bwumwimerere bwikigereranyo;
L1 ni uburebure bwa burebure nyuma yicyitegererezo cyacitse.
Kugabanuka kw'igice (ψ)
Igisobanuro: Kugabanya ibice ni ijanisha ryigabanuka ryinshi mukarere kambukiranya ibice nyuma yingingo nyuma yicyitegererezo cyambutse igice-cyigice cyambukiranya igice.
Formula: ψ = (F0 - F1) / F0 × 100%
Aho F0 aricyo gice cyambukiranya igice cyikigereranyo;
F1 ni agace kambukiranya igice kuri necking ingingo nyuma yicyitegererezo cyacitse.
3. Gukomera
Ibyingenzi nicyuma ni urutonde rwumutungo wo gushishikarizwa kugirango upime imbaraga z'ibikoresho by'ibyuma. Byerekana ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imico mubunini bwaho ku butaka bwibyuma.
Gutondekanya no guhagararirwa cyane
Icyaha gikomeye gifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gutondekanya no guhagararirwa ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwikizamini. Ahanini harimo ibi bikurikira:
Brinell Hasi (HB):
Umwanya wa Porogaramu: Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugihe ibikoresho byoroshye, nkibintu bitari ferous, ibyuma mbere yo kuvura ubushyuhe cyangwa nyuma yo gukomera.
Ihame ryibizamini: Nubunini bwikizamini cyikizamini, umupira wo kumeneka cyangwa umupira wamaguru wintangarugero kugirango ugeragezwe, kandi umutwaro upakururwa nyuma yigihe cyagenwe, na diameter ya indentation hejuru kugirango bipimwe bipimwa.
ITANGAZO RY'IBIKORWA: Agaciro ka Brinell Agaciro nicyo kiswa cyabonetse mugugabanya umutwaro ukurikije ubuso bwa spherical.
Gukomera gukomera (HR):
Umwanya wa Porogaramu: Mubisanzwe ukoreshwa mubikoresho hamwe no gukomera kwinshi, nko gukomera nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe.
Ihame ryibizamini: Bisa na brunell hashobora gukomera, ariko ukoresheje ibibazo bitandukanye (diyama) nuburyo butandukanye bwo kubara.
Ubwoko: Ukurikije porogaramu, hariho HRC (kubikoresho byo hejuru), HRA, HRB nubundi bwoko.
Kukomeretsa cyane (HV):
Ikigereranyo cya Gusaba: Birakwiriye gusesengura microscope.
Ihame ryibizamini: Kanda hejuru yibintu hamwe numutwaro uri munsi ya 120kg hamwe na diyama ya diyama ya 136
Leeb Hardness (HL):
Ibiranga: Ikizamini gikomeye cya Portable, byoroshye gupima.
Ihame ryibizamini: Koresha Bounce yakozwe numupira wamaguru nyuma yo gutanga ubuso bukomeye, hanyuma ubare bikomeye kuri gahunda yo gusubiramo umuvuduko wa 1mm kumuvuduko.
Igihe cya nyuma: Sep-25-2024
