Ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwakozwe ku kongeramo ibintu bidasanzwe ku isi (REEs) kuri 7xxx, 5xxx, na 2xxx ya aluminiyumu, byerekana ingaruka zigaragara. By'umwihariko, 7xxx y'uruhererekane rwa aluminiyumu, irimo ibintu byinshi bivangavanze, akenshi bigira amacakubiri akomeye mugihe cyo gushonga no guterera, biganisha ku gushiraho umubare munini w'ibyiciro bya eutectic. Ibi bigabanya ubukana no kurwanya ruswa, bikabangamira imikorere rusange yumuti. Kwinjiza ibintu bidasanzwe byisi mubutaka bwa aluminiyumu ivanze cyane birashobora gutunganya ibinyampeke, guhagarika amacakubiri, no kweza matrix, bityo bikazamura microstructure hamwe nibintu rusange.
Vuba aha, ubwoko bwintungamubiri zintungamubiri zimaze kwitabwaho. Izi nganda zikoresha ibintu bidasanzwe byisi nka La na Ce kugirango zongere intege nke zimbibi nimbibi. Ibi ntibinonosora ibinyampeke gusa ahubwo binateza imbere gukwirakwiza imvura imwe, guhagarika iyongera, kandi bitezimbere cyane ihindagurika, amaherezo byongera umusaruro mubikorwa byo gukuramo.
Muri 7xxx ikurikirana ya aluminiyumu, ibintu bidasanzwe byisi byongewemo muburyo butatu:
1.Ntibisanzwe ibintu byisi byonyine;
2.Guhuza Zr nibintu bidasanzwe byisi;
3.Guhuza Zr, Cr, nibintu bidasanzwe byisi.
Ibintu byose bigize isi idasanzwe bigenzurwa muri 0.1–0.5 wt%.
Uburyo bwibintu bidasanzwe byisi
Ntibisanzwe isi nka La, Ce, Sc, Er, Gd, na Y bigira uruhare muri aluminiyumu ikoresheje uburyo bwinshi:
Kunonosora ibinyampeke: Ibintu bidasanzwe byisi bigira imvura igabanijwe kimwe ikora nka site ya nucleation ya heterogeneous, ihindura imiterere ya dendritic mo ibinyampeke byiza, biteza imbere imbaraga no guhindagurika.
Kurwanya amacakubiri: Mugihe cyo gushonga no gukomera, ibintu bidasanzwe byisi bitera gukwirakwiza ibintu kimwe, kugabanya imiterere ya eutectic, no kongera ubwinshi bwa matrix.
Isuku ya Matrix: Y, La, na Ce irashobora kwitwara hamwe numwanda mumashanyarazi (O, H, N, S) kugirango ibe ibintu bihamye, bigabanye gaze hamwe nibiyongeramo, byongera ubwiza bwamavuta.
Guhindura imyitwarire ya rerystallisation: Bimwe mubintu bidasanzwe byisi birashobora guhuza ingano nimbibi, bikabuza kwimuka no kwimuka kwimuka. Ibi bidindiza kongera gukora kandi bikabika imiterere ya subgrain mugihe cyo gutunganya amashyuza, bigatera imbaraga no kurwanya ruswa.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bidakunze kubaho ku isi n'ingaruka zabyo
Scandium (Sc)
Sc ifite radiyo ntoya ya radiyo mubintu bidasanzwe byisi kandi nicyuma cyinzibacyuho. Nibyiza cyane mukuzamura imiterere ya aluminiyumu yahinduwe.
Muri aluminiyumu ivanze, Sc igwa nka Al₃Sc ihuje, ikongera ubushyuhe bwa reystallisation no guhagarika ingano.
Iyo uhujwe na Zr, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa Al₃ (Sc, Zr) burahinduka, bigatera imbere ingano nziza kandi bikabuza kwimuka no kwimuka kwimbibi. Ibi bitezimbere imbaraga, kurwanya umunaniro, hamwe no gukora-ruswa.
Sc ikabije irashobora kuganisha ku bice bito bya Al₃ (Sc, Zr), bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo kongera gukora, imbaraga, no guhindagurika.
Erbium (Er)
Er ikora kimwe na Sc ariko irakoresha amafaranga menshi.
Muri 7xxx yuruhererekane, ibikwiye bya Er byongeweho binonosora ibinyampeke, bikabuza kugenda kwimuka no kwimuka kwimbibi, kwimura rerystallisation, no kongera imbaraga.
Iyo ufatanije na Zr, Al₃ (Er, Zr) ibice bigize ibice, bigahinduka neza cyane kuruta Al₃Er yonyine, bitanga guhagarika neza.
Er ikabije irashobora kubyara Al₈Cu₄Er ibyiciro, kugabanya imbaraga zombi.
Gadolinium (Gd)
Moderate ya Gd itunganijwe itunganya ibinyampeke, kongera imbaraga no guhindagurika, no kongera imbaraga za Zn, Mg, na Cu muri matrix.
Ibisubizo bya Al₃ (Gd, Zr) icyiciro cya pin dislocations hamwe nimbibi za subgrain, guhagarika rerystallisation. Filime ikora nayo igaragara hejuru yintete, bikagabanya imikurire yingano.
Gd ikabije irashobora gutera ingano no kwangirika kwimashini.
Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), na Yttrium (Y)
La itunganya ibinyampeke, igabanya umwuka wa ogisijeni, kandi ikora firime ikora hejuru yintete kugirango ibuze gukura.
La na Ce biteza imbere akarere ka GP na η ′ imvura igwa, kuzamura imbaraga za matrix no kurwanya ruswa.
Y isukura matrix, ikabuza gusesa ibintu byingenzi bivangavanze mubisubizo bikomeye, bigatera nucleation, kandi bigabanya itandukaniro rishobora kuba hagati yimbibi nimbuto imbere, byongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa.
Kurenza urugero La, Ce, cyangwa Y birashobora kuganisha kubintu bitobito, bigabanya guhindagurika nimbaraga.
Ibyiza byingenzi byingenzi bidasanzwe byisi nibiranga muri aluminium
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-21-2025
