Umwirondoro wa Aluminiyumu uza muburyo butandukanye kandi bwihariye, hamwe nibikorwa byinshi, tekinoroji igoye nibisabwa cyane. Inenge zitandukanye zizabura byanze bikunze mugihe cyose cyo kubyara umusaruro, guta, gutunganya ubushyuhe, kurangiza hejuru, kubika, gutwara no gupakira.
Impamvu nuburyo bwo kurandura inenge zubuso:
1. Gushyira hamwe
Impamvu:
Impamvu nyamukuru nuko ubuso bwa ingot bwanditseho amavuta numukungugu, cyangwa igice cyakazi cyimbere yimbere yikigega cyo gukuramo cyambarwa cyane, bigatuma habaho kwegeranya ibyuma byanduye bikikije zone ya elastike yumutwe wimbere. Ihingurwa iyo hejuru yinyerera ya zone ya elastike yazungurutswe hafi yibicuruzwa mugihe cyo gukuramo. Mubisanzwe bigaragara kumurizo wibicuruzwa. Mubihe bikomeye, irashobora kandi kugaragara mumutwe wo hagati cyangwa no kumpera yimbere yibicuruzwa. Hariho kandi gahunda yo gupfira idafite ishingiro, yegereye cyane urukuta rwimbere rwikariso yo gukuramo, kwambara cyane cyangwa guhindura ingunguru ya extrait na padiri yo gukuramo, nibindi, bishobora no gutera umurongo.
Uburyo bwo kurandura:
1) Kunoza isuku yubuso bwa ingot.
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3) Kunoza igishushanyo mbonera no gukora ikibanza cyo gupfa cyitaruye inkombe ya silinderi ishoboka.
4) Kugabanya itandukaniro riri hagati ya diameter ya padiri yo gukuramo na diametre yimbere ya silinderi yo gusohora, kandi ugabanye ibyuma byanduye bisigaye mumurongo wa silinderi.
5) Komeza umurongo wa silinderi yo gukuramo neza, cyangwa ukoreshe gasike kugirango usukure umurongo mugihe.
6) Nyuma yo gukata ibikoresho bisigaye, bigomba gusukurwa kandi nta mavuta yo gusiga agomba kwemererwa.
2. Ibibyimba cyangwa ibishishwa
Impamvu:
Impamvu ni uko imiterere yimbere ya ingot ifite inenge nko kwidegembya, imyenge, no gucamo imbere, cyangwa umuvuduko wo gusohora byihuse cyane mugihe cyo kuzura, kandi umuyaga ntabwo ari mwiza, bigatuma umwuka winjira mubicuruzwa byicyuma .
Impamvu zibyara kubyara cyangwa gukuramo zirimo:
1) silinderi yo gukuramo hamwe na padi yo gukuramo byambarwa kandi bitihanganirwa.
2) silinderi yo gusohora hamwe na padi yo gukuramo iranduye cyane kandi yandujwe namavuta, ubushuhe, grafite, nibindi.;
3) Hano hari ibiti byinshi byimbitse hejuru yamashanyarazi; cyangwa hari ibinure, ibisebe, imyenda irekuye, hamwe n'amavuta ya peteroli hejuru ya ingot. Hydrogene yibigize ingot iri hejuru;
4) Ikibari nticyasukuwe mugihe cyo gusimbuza amavuta;
5) Ubushyuhe bwa silinderi yo gukuramo hamwe na ingot yo gukuramo ni ndende cyane;
6) Ingano ya ingot irenze gutandukana byemewe;
7) Ingot ni ndende cyane, yuzuye byihuse, kandi ubushyuhe bwa ingot ntiburinganiye;
8) Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gupfa nticyumvikana. Cyangwa gukata ibikoresho bisigaye bidakwiye;
Uburyo bwo kurandura:
1) Kunoza urwego rwo gutunganya, gutesha agaciro no guta kugirango wirinde inenge nka pore, kurekura, gucamo nizindi nenge ziri muri ingot;
2) Shushanya mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ibipimo bihuye na silinderi yo gukuramo na padi yo gukuramo; reba ingano yigikoresho kenshi kugirango urebe ko cyujuje ibisabwa.
3) Ikibanza cyo gukuramo ntigishobora kwihanganira;
4) Iyo usimbuye amavuta, silinderi igomba gusukurwa neza;
5) Gabanya umuvuduko wo gukuramo no kuzuza icyiciro;
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7) Imikorere ikaze, gukata neza ibikoresho bisigaye hamwe numuriro wuzuye;
8) Uburyo bwo gushyushya ingot bukoreshwa mugukora ubushyuhe bwumutwe wa ingot hejuru kandi ubushyuhe bwumurizo bukaba hasi. Iyo wujuje, umutwe ubanza guhinduka, na gaze muri silinderi isohoka buhoro buhoro binyuze mu cyuho kiri hagati ya padi n'urukuta rwa silinderi;
9) Kugenzura ibikoresho nibikoresho kenshi kugirango wirinde ubushyuhe bukabije n'umuvuduko ukabije;
10) Gushushanya mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro no gukora ibikoresho no kubumba, hanyuma ushushanye umwobo uyobora nuyobozo uhinduranya ufite imbere imbere ya 1 ° kugeza 3 °.
3. Gukuramo ibicuruzwa
Impamvu:
Kubaho kwacitse bifitanye isano no guhangayika no gutembera kwicyuma mugihe cyo gukuramo. Gufata hejuru yubutaka burigihe nkurugero, imbogamizi zuburyo bwububiko hamwe ningaruka zo guterana amagambo bibuza gutembera hejuru yubusa. Umuvuduko wo gutembera hagati yibicuruzwa urenze umuvuduko w umuvuduko wicyuma cyo hanze, kuburyo icyuma cyo hanze gishobora guhangayikishwa cyane, kandi ikigo kikaba gihangayikishijwe cyane. Igisekuru cyibibazo byinyongera bihindura imiterere yibanze muri zone deformasiyo, bigatera guhangayikishwa nakazi ka axial kurwego rwo hejuru (superpression yibibazo byibanze hamwe ninyongera) birashobora guhinduka impungenge. Iyo iyi mihangayiko igeze kumurongo ntarengwa wimbaraga zicyuma, imbere kwaguka imbere bizagaragara hejuru, imiterere yabyo ijyanye numuvuduko wicyuma unyuze muri zone deformasiyo.
Uburyo bwo kurandura:
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2) Shyira mu bikorwa byimazeyo ibintu bitandukanye byo gushyushya no gusohora, kandi ugenzure neza ubushyuhe bwo gusohora n'umuvuduko ukurikije ibintu nibiranga ibicuruzwa.
3) Kunoza igishushanyo mbonera, kongera muburyo bukwiye uburebure bwikigero kinini kandi wongere muburyo bukwiye radiyo yuzuye ya cross-section. By'umwihariko, igishushanyo mbonera cyikiraro kibumba, kugurisha sitasiyo ya sitasiyo, na radiyo nguni bigomba kuba bifite ishingiro.
4) Kunoza ingaruka za homogenisation ya ingot no kunoza plastike nuburinganire bwa alloy.
5) Mugihe ibintu bibyemereye, koresha uburyo nko gusiga amavuta, cone ipfa gukuramo cyangwa guhinduranya ibintu kugirango ugabanye ihinduka ridahwanye.
6) Kugenzura buri gihe ibikoresho nibikoresho kugirango ukore imikorere isanzwe.
4. Igishishwa cya orange
Impamvu:
Impamvu nyamukuru nuko imiterere yimbere yibicuruzwa ifite ibinyampeke bito. Mubisanzwe, coarser ibinyampeke, biragaragara cyane. Cyane cyane iyo kurambura ari binini, ubu bwoko bwibishishwa bya orange birashoboka cyane.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda:
Kugirango wirinde ko habaho ubusembwa bwibishishwa bya orange, icy'ingenzi ni uguhitamo ubushyuhe bukwiye bwo kwihuta no kwihuta no kugenzura kuramba. Kunoza imiterere yimbere ya ingot no kwirinda ibinyampeke.
5. Ahantu hijimye
Impamvu:
Impamvu nyamukuru nuko igipimo cyo gukonjesha aho gihurira hagati yurukuta ruzengurutse igice cyumwirondoro hamwe nubushyuhe bwihanganira ubushyuhe (cyangwa umurongo wa grafite) ni bito cyane, kandi kwibanda kumuti ukomeye ni bito cyane ugereranije nahandi. Kubwibyo, imiterere yimbere iratandukanye kandi isura yerekana ibara ryijimye.
Uburyo bwo kurandura:
Uburyo nyamukuru nugushimangira ubukonje bwameza asohoka kandi ntuhagarare ahantu hamwe mugihe ugeze kumeza kunyerera no kuryama gukonjesha, kugirango ibicuruzwa bishobore guhura nubushyuhe bwumuriro wunvikana ahantu hatandukanye kugirango habeho ubukonje butaringaniye.
6. Ibice by'imyenda
Impamvu:
Bitewe nuburyo butaringaniye hamwe nibigize ibice bisohotse, umurongo umeze nkumurongo muburyo bwo gukuramo ugaragara kubicuruzwa. Mubisanzwe bigaragara mubice aho uburebure bwurukuta buhinduka. Ibi birashobora kugenwa na ruswa cyangwa anodizing. Iyo uhinduye ubushyuhe bwa ruswa, guhambira birashobora rimwe na rimwe kuzimira cyangwa guhinduka mubugari no mumiterere. Impamvu iterwa na macroscopique idahwanye cyangwa microstructure ya ingot, homogenisation idahagije ya ingot cyangwa sisitemu yo gushyushya nabi kugirango itunganyirizwe ibicuruzwa hanze.
Uburyo bwo kurandura:
1) Ingot igomba gutunganywa kugirango wirinde gukoresha ingofero nini.
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7. Umurongo wo gusudira muremure
Impamvu:
Biterwa ahanini nuburyo butandukanye hagati yuburyo bwo gusudira bwicyuma gitemba nibindi bice byicyuma mugukuramo bipfa. Cyangwa irashobora guterwa no gutanga aluminiyumu idahagije mumyanya yo gusudira mugihe cyo gukuramo.
Uburyo bwo kurandura:
1) Kunoza igishushanyo mbonera cyikiraro hamwe no gusudira cavit yo gutandukana. Nkuguhindura igabanywa ryagabanijwe-igipimo cyumwanya wacitsemo ibice nu bicuruzwa biva hanze, hamwe nubuvumo bwa welding.
2) Kugirango umenye igipimo runaka cyo gusohora, witondere kuringaniza hagati yubushyuhe bwo kwihuta no kwihuta.
3) Ntugakoreshe ingoyi zometseho amavuta hejuru kugirango wirinde kuvanga amavuta nibintu byamahanga mumahuriro yo gusudira.
4) Ntugashyire amavuta kuri silinderi ya extrusion na padiri ya extrait hanyuma ukomeze kugira isuku.
5) Ongera muburyo bukwiye uburebure bwibikoresho bisigaye.
8. Imirongo yo gusudira itambitse cyangwa ibimenyetso byo guhagarika
Impamvu:
Impamvu nyamukuru ni uko mugihe cyo gukomeza gusohora, ibyuma mubibumbano bidasudira neza kugeza kumpera yimbere yicyuma gishya cyongeweho.
Uburyo bwo kurandura:
1) Gukarisha icyuma cyumukasi wakoreshejwe mugukata ibikoresho bisigaye no kugorora.
2) Sukura hejuru yanyuma ya bilet kugirango wirinde amavuta yo kwisiga nibintu byamahanga bivanze.
3) Ongera ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo neza kandi usohoke buhoro kandi buringaniye.
4) Gushushanya neza no guhitamo ibikoresho, ibikoresho byububiko, guhuza ingano, imbaraga no gukomera.
9. Gushushanya, gushushanya
Impamvu:
Impamvu nyamukuru nuko iyo ibicuruzwa bitwarwa mu buryo butambitse kuva kumeza yasohotse kugeza kumeza yarangije kubona ibicuruzwa, ibintu bikomeye biva muburiri bukonje hanyuma ugashushanya ibicuruzwa. Bimwe muribi bibaho mugihe cyo gupakira no gutwara.
Uburyo bwo kurandura:
1) Umukandara uringaniye ugomba kuba woroshye kandi usukuye, kandi igikoresho cyubusa nacyo kigomba kuba cyoroshye.
2) Reba neza mugihe ushyiraho ibishushanyo kugirango wirinde gukoresha ibishushanyo bifite uduce duto. Witondere kuzuza radiyo mugihe ushushanya.
3) Reba kandi usige umukandara wakazi. Gukomera kubumba bigomba kuba bimwe.
4) Kugenzura kenshi uburiri bukonje hamwe nameza yo kubika ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Bikwiye kuba byoroshye kugirango birinde ibicuruzwa biva mu bicuruzwa. Inzira yo kuyobora irashobora gusigwa neza.
5) Mugihe cyo gupakira, icyogajuru cyoroshye kuruta ibicuruzwa byarangiye kigomba gushyirwaho, kandi gutwara no guterura bigomba gukorwa neza kandi neza.
10. Gukanda ibyuma
Impamvu:
Impamvu nyamukuru nuko icyapa cya alumina cyakozwe kumwanya wubusa wicyuma cyumubumbe wiziritse kubicuruzwa byakuweho hanyuma bigatemba mumeza asohoka cyangwa kumeza hanze hanyuma bigashyirwa hejuru yibikoresho byakuweho na muzingo. Mugihe cya anodisiyasi, nta firime ya oxyde cyangwa indentations cyangwa ibyobo byakozwe aho icyuma gikanda.
Uburyo bwo kurandura:
1) Shyira umukandara munini kandi ugabanye uburebure bwumukandara.
2) Hindura icyuma cyubusa cyumukandara.
3) Hindura imiterere yimyobo ipfa hanyuma ugerageze kwirinda gushyira hejuru yubuso bwibicuruzwa munsi no guhura na roller kugirango wirinde icyapa cya alumina kudakanda.
4) Sukura hejuru n'impera za ingot kandi wirinde kogosha ibyuma mumavuta yo gusiga.
11. Izindi nenge zo hejuru
Impamvu:
1) Mugihe cyo gushonga no gutara, ibigize imiti ntibingana, hamwe nibyuma byinjira, imyenge, hamwe nubutare butari ibyuma, imiterere yimbere ya firime ya oxyde cyangwa ibyuma ntibingana.
2) Mugihe cyo gukuramo, ubushyuhe no guhindura ibintu ntibingana, umuvuduko wo gusohora urihuta cyane, gukonjesha ntibingana, kandi imiterere ntago ihuye muguhuza na grafite namavuta.
3) Igishushanyo mbonera nticyumvikana kandi inzibacyuho hagati yinguni zikarishye ntizoroshye. Icyuma cyubusa ni gito cyane kandi gishushanya ibyuma, ifu itunganijwe nabi, ifite burrs kandi ntabwo yoroshye, kandi kuvura nitriding ntabwo ari byiza. Ubukomere bwo hejuru ntiburinganiye kandi umukandara wakazi ntabwo woroshye.
4) Mugihe cyo kuvura hejuru, ubwiherero bwamazi yo kwiyuhagira, ubushyuhe, nubucucike bwubu ntibisanzwe, kandi aside aside cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura alkali ruswa ntibikwiye.
Uburyo bwo kurandura:
1) Kugenzura imiterere yimiti, kunonosora uburyo bwo gukina, gushimangira kwezwa, gutunganya no guhuza ibitsina.
2) Gahunda ya ingot homogenisation isaba gukonja vuba.
3) Kugenzura mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ubushyuhe bwihuta n’umuvuduko kugirango uhindure kimwe kandi ukoreshe uburebure bwa ingot.
4) Kunoza igishushanyo mbonera nuburyo bwo gukora bwububiko, kongera ubukana bwumukandara ukora, no kugabanya ubukana bwubuso.
5) Hindura inzira ya nitriding.
6) Kugenzura byimazeyo gahunda yo kuvura hejuru kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwanduye cyangwa kwanduzwa hejuru mugihe cya aside cyangwa ruswa ya alkali.
Byahinduwe na Gicurasi Jiang wo muri MAT Aluminium
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-28-2024
