1. Ibintu bya Macroscopique bigira uruhare mu gushiraho Crack
1.1 Mugihe cyo guterana igice, amazi akonje aterwa hejuru yubutaka, bigatuma ubushyuhe bukabije buba muri ingot. Ibi bivamo kugabanuka kutaringaniye mu turere dutandukanye, bigatera kwifata no kubyara impagarara. Mubice bimwe byo guhangayika, iyi mihangayiko irashobora kugushikana kumeneka.
1.2 Mu musaruro w’inganda, gutobora ingot akenshi bibaho mugihe cyambere cyo gutara cyangwa bitangira nka microcrake nyuma ikwirakwira mugihe cyo gukonja, birashoboka gukwirakwira muri ingot yose. Usibye guturika, izindi nenge nko gufunga imbeho, kurigata, no kumanika bishobora no kugaragara mugihe cyambere cyo gukina, bigatuma biba icyiciro gikomeye mubikorwa byose byo gukina.
1.3 Kworoherwa no gukonjesha gukonje guterwa no gushyuha biterwa cyane nimiterere yimiti, inyongeramusaruro yongeweho, hamwe nubunini butunganya ingano zikoreshwa.
1.4 Ubushuhe bushyushye bwimitsi ya alloys biterwa ahanini nihungabana ryimbere ritera kwibumbira hamwe. Imiterere yabyo nogukwirakwiza bigenwa nibintu bivangavanze, gushonga ubwiza bwa metallurgjiya, hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri gikomeza. By'umwihariko, ingano nini ya 7xxx ya aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu ikunze kwibasirwa cyane kubera ibintu byinshi bivangavanze, intera nini yo gukomera, guhangayikishwa cyane, gutandukanya okiside yibintu bivanze, ubuziranenge bwa metallurgie ugereranije, hamwe nubushyuhe buke mubushyuhe bwicyumba.
1.5 Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko imirima ya electromagnetiki hamwe nibintu bivangavanze (harimo gutunganya ibinyampeke, ibintu byingenzi bivangavanze, hamwe na tronc tronc) bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri microstructure hamwe no gushyukwa gukabije kwibice byikurikiranya bya 7xxx.
1.6 Byongeye kandi, kubera ibice bigoye bigize 7050 ya aluminiyumu hamwe no kuba hari ibintu byoroshye okiside, gushonga bikunda kwinjiza hydrogene nyinshi. Ibi, bifatanije na okiside ya okiside, biganisha ku kubana kwa gaze no kuyishyiramo, bikavamo hydrogene nyinshi mu gushonga. Ibirimo hydrogène byahindutse ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kubisubizo byubugenzuzi, imyitwarire yamenetse, hamwe numunaniro wibikoresho bitunganijwe. Kubwibyo, hashingiwe ku buryo bwo kuba hydrogène ihari mu gushonga, birakenewe gukoresha itangazamakuru rya adsorption hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gutunganya filtre kugirango ukure hydrogène hamwe nibindi bintu biva mu bishonga kugirango ubone ibishishwa byera cyane.
2. Impamvu za Microscopique zitera gushiraho
2.1 Ingot ishyushye igenwa cyane cyane nigipimo cyo kugabanuka gukomeye, igipimo cyo kugaburira, nubunini bukomeye bwa zone mushy. Niba ingano ya zone ya mushy irenze igipimo gikomeye, gucika bishyushye bizabaho.
2.2 Mubisanzwe, inzira yo gukomera ya alloys irashobora kugabanywamo ibice byinshi: kugaburira byinshi, kugaburira interdendritic, gutandukanya dendrite, no kuraro kwa dendrite.
2.3 Mugihe cyo gutandukanya dendrite, amaboko ya dendrite aba yegeranye cyane kandi itemba ryamazi rigabanywa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ubucucike bwakarere ka mushy buragabanuka, kandi kugabanuka gukomeye kugabanuka hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro bishobora gutera microporosity cyangwa ndetse no gucika.
2.4 Mu cyiciro cya dendrite, ikiraro gito gusa gisigara kumirongo itatu. Kuri ubu, igice cya kabiri gikomeye gifite imbaraga na plastike, kandi ibimera-bigumaho ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kwishyura ibyagabanutse gukomera hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Izi ntambwe zombi nizo zishobora gukora kugabanuka cyangwa kugabanuka.
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3.1 Ingano nini nini yerekana ibyapa bikunze kugaragara hejuru yubuso, imbere imbere, hamwe nibindi, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumyitwarire yubukanishi mugihe cyo gukomera.
3.2 Imiterere yubukorikori bwa aliyumu mugihe cyo gukomera ahanini biterwa nimiterere yimbere, harimo ingano, ingano ya hydrogène, hamwe nurwego rwo kubishyiramo.
3.3 Kubintu bya aluminiyumu hamwe nuburyo bwa dendritic, intera ya kabiri ya dendrite (SDAS) igira ingaruka cyane kumiterere yubukanishi no muburyo bwo gukomera. Finas SDAS iganisha kumurongo wambere hamwe nuduce twinshi twinshi, bigabanya imihangayiko ikomeye yo guturika.
3.4 Inenge nka interdendritic shrinkage void and inclusitions bigabanya cyane ubukana bwa skeleton ikomeye kandi bikagabanya cyane imihangayiko ikomeye isabwa kugirango ushushe.
3.5 Ibinyampeke byimbuto nibindi bintu bikomeye bya microstructural bigira ingaruka kumyitwarire ishyushye. Iyo ibinyampeke biva mu nkingi ya dendrite bijya ku isi ihwanye n’ibinyampeke, ibinyomoro byerekana ubushyuhe buke kandi bigateza imbere imiyoboro ya interdendritic, ikumira imikurire ya pore. Byongeye kandi, ibinyampeke byiza birashobora kwakira ibipimo binini kandi bigoye kandi bikerekana inzira zoroshye zo gukwirakwiza, bityo bikagabanya muri rusange ubushyuhe bukabije.
3.6 Mu musaruro ufatika, kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya no gushonga - nko kugenzura cyane ibyinjizwamo hamwe na hydrogène, hamwe n’imiterere y’ingano - birashobora kunoza imitekerereze y’imbere y’ibishishwa bikabije. Hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya, izi ngamba zirashobora kuganisha ku musaruro w’umusaruro mwinshi, nini-nini, wujuje ubuziranenge.
4. Gutunganya ingano za Ingot
7050 aluminiyumu ikoresha cyane cyane ubwoko bubiri bwo gutunganya ingano: Al-5Ti-1B na Al-3Ti-0.15C. Kugereranya ubushakashatsi kumurongo wo murwego rwo gutunganya ibi byerekana:
4.1 Ingots zinonosowe hamwe na Al-5Ti-1B zerekana ingano ntoya ingano hamwe ninzibacyuho imwe iva kumurongo winjira hagati. Igice cyoroshye-cyoroshye cyane, kandi ingaruka rusange yo gutunganya ingano irakomeye muri ingot.
4.2 Iyo hakoreshejwe ibikoresho fatizo mbere yatunganijwe na Al-3Ti-0.15C, ingaruka zo gutunganya ingano za Al-5Ti-1B ziragabanuka. Byongeye kandi, kongera Al-Ti-B kwiyongera kurenza ingingo runaka ntabwo byongera kunonosora ingano. Kubwibyo, Al-Ti-B yongeyeho igomba kugarukira kurenza kg 2 / t.
4.3 Ingots zitunganijwe hamwe na Al-3Ti-0.15C zigizwe ahanini nintete nziza, isi yose ihwanye. Ingano yintete irasa nubugari bwibisate. Kwiyongeraho 3-4 kg / t ya Al-3Ti-0.15C bifite akamaro mukuzamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.
4.4 Ikigaragara ni uko iyo Al-5Ti-1B ikoreshwa muri 7050 ivanze, uduce twa TiB₂ dukunda gutandukana twerekeza kuri firime ya oxyde hejuru ya ingot mugihe gikonje cyihuse, bigakora cluster iganisha kumasaka. Mugihe cyo gukomera kwa ingot, ayo matsinda agabanuka imbere kugirango akore imitsi imeze nkimigozi, ihindura uburemere bwubuso bwashonga. Ibi byongera ubukonje bwashonze kandi bigabanya umuvuduko, ari nako biteza imbere kwibumbira munsi yibibumbano no mu mfuruka z'isura yagutse kandi ifunganye ya ingot. Ibi bizamura cyane imyumvire yo gucika kandi bigira ingaruka mbi kumusaruro wa ingot.
4.5 Urebye imyitwarire yimikorere ya 7050 ivanze, imiterere yingano yinganda zisa nizimbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, hamwe nubwiza bwibicuruzwa byanyuma bitunganijwe, Al-3Ti-0.15C ihitamo nkumurongo utunganya ingano yo gutera amavuta 7050-keretse niba hari ibintu byihariye bisaba ukundi.
5. Imyitwarire yo gutunganya ingano ya Al-3Ti-0.15C
5.1 Iyo utunganya ingano yongewe kuri 720 ° C, ibinyampeke bigizwe ahanini nuburinganire buringaniye hamwe nuburyo bumwe kandi bwiza cyane mubunini.
5.2 Niba gushonga bifashwe cyane nyuma yo kongeramo gutunganya (urugero, kurenza iminota 10), gukura gukabije kwa dendritic kwiganje, bikavamo ibinyampeke.
5.3 Iyo ingano yinyongera yo gutunganya ingano ari 0.010% kugeza 0.015%, ingano nziza zingana ziragerwaho.
5.4 Ukurikije inzira yinganda zingana na 7050, uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya ingano ni: kongera ubushyuhe bugera kuri 720 ° C, igihe cyo kongeramo imbaraga zanyuma zagenzuwe muminota 20, hamwe nogutunganya hafi 0.01–0.015% (3-4 kg / t ya Al-3Ti-0.15C).
5.5 Nuburyo butandukanye mubunini bwa ingot, igihe cyose cyo kongeramo ingano nyuma yo gushonga, binyuze mumurongo wa sisitemu, inkono, hamwe nububiko, kugeza gukomera ni iminota 15-20.
5.6 Mu nganda, kongera ingano yo gutunganya ingano zirenze Ti zingana na 0.01% ntabwo bihindura cyane gutunganya ingano. Ahubwo, kwiyongera gukabije biganisha ku gukungahaza Ti na C, byongera amahirwe yo kuba inenge yibintu.
5.7 Ibizamini ahantu hatandukanye - degas inlet, degas outlet, hamwe na casting inkono - byerekana itandukaniro rito mubunini bwingano. Ariko, kongeramo gutunganya neza kumasafuriya nta kuyungurura byongera ibyago byinenge mugihe cyo kugenzura ultrasonic kugenzura ibikoresho byatunganijwe.
5.8 Kugirango habeho gutunganya ingano imwe no gukumira ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa, gutunganya ingano bigomba kongerwamo intangiriro ya sisitemu yo kwangiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-16-2025
