Ubunini bwurukuta runini 6061T6 aluminiyumu ikenera kuzimya nyuma yo gushyuha. Bitewe no kugabanya ibicuruzwa bidasubirwaho, igice cyumwirondoro kizinjira mukarere gakonjesha amazi bitinze. Mugihe igikurikira kigufi gikomeje gusohorwa, iki gice cyumwirondoro kizatinda kuzimya. Nigute wakemura ikibazo cyatinze kuzimya nikibazo buri ruganda rukora rugomba gusuzuma. Iyo gusohora umurizo urangije imyanda ni ngufi, imikorere yintangarugero yafashwe rimwe na rimwe iba yujuje ibyangombwa rimwe na rimwe ikaba itujuje ibyangombwa. Iyo usubiramo uhereye kuruhande, imikorere irongera yujuje ibisabwa. Iyi ngingo itanga ibisobanuro bijyanye binyuze mubushakashatsi.
1. Ibikoresho byo kugerageza nuburyo
Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi ni 6061 ya aluminium. Ibigize imiti yapimwe nisesengura ryikurikiranwa ni ibi bikurikira: Ihuza na GB / T 3190-1996 mpuzamahanga 6061 ya aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, igice cyumwirondoro wafashwe cyafashwe kugirango gikemurwe neza. Umwirondoro wa 400mm wagabanijwemo ibice bibiri. Agace ka 1 kari gakonje amazi kandi kazimye. Agace ka 2 gakonje mu kirere amasegonda 90 hanyuma hakonjeshwa amazi. Igishushanyo cyibizamini cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo 1.
Umwirondoro wa aluminium 6061 wakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi wasohotse na 4000UST extruder. Ubushyuhe bwibumba ni 500 ° C, ubushyuhe bwinkoni ni 510 ° C, ubushyuhe bwo gusohoka ni 525 ° C, umuvuduko wo gusohora ni 2,1mm / s, gukonjesha amazi menshi gukoreshwa mugihe cyo gusohora, na 400mm uburebure bwikizamini cyakuwe hagati yumwirondoro urangiye. Ubugari bw'icyitegererezo ni 150mm n'uburebure ni 10.00mm.
Ingero zafashwe zaragabanijwe hanyuma zongera gukemurwa. Ubushyuhe bwo gukemura bwari 530 ° C naho igihe cyo gukemura cyari amasaha 4. Nyuma yo kubikuramo, ingero zashyizwe mu kigega kinini cy’amazi gifite ubujyakuzimu bw’amazi 100mm. Ikigega kinini cy’amazi gishobora kwemeza ko ubushyuhe bw’amazi mu kigega cy’amazi buhinduka nyuma y’icyitegererezo muri zone ya 1 gikonje amazi, bikarinda kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bw’amazi kutagira ingaruka ku bukonje bw’amazi. Mugihe cyo gukonjesha amazi, menya neza ko ubushyuhe bwamazi buri hagati ya 20-25 ° C. Ingero zazimye zari zifite imyaka 165 ° C * 8h.
Fata igice cyicyitegererezo 400mm z'uburebure 30mm z'ubugari bwa 10mm, hanyuma ukore ikizamini gikomeye cya Brinell. Kora ibipimo 5 buri 10mm. Fata impuzandengo yagaciro ya 5 Brinell ikomeye nkuko Brinell ikomera ibisubizo kuriyi ngingo, hanyuma urebe uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu.
Imiterere yubukanishi bwumwirondoro yageragejwe, kandi igice cya 60mm kibangikanye cyagenzuwe kumyanya itandukanye yicyitegererezo cya 400mm kugirango harebwe imitungo ihindagurika hamwe n’ahantu havunitse.
Umwanya w'ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya amazi yakonje y'icyitegererezo no kuzimya nyuma yo gutinda kwa 90 byagereranijwe binyuze muri software ya ANSYS, kandi hasesenguwe igipimo cyo gukonjesha imyirondoro ku myanya itandukanye.
2. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi nisesengura
2.1 Ibisubizo by'ikizamini gikomeye
Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana ubukana bwo guhindura umurongo wa 400mm z'uburebure bwapimwe na test ya Brinell igerageza (uburebure bwibice bya abcissa bugereranya 10mm, naho igipimo cya 0 ni umurongo ugabanya kuzimya bisanzwe no kuzimya gutinda). Birashobora kuboneka ko ubukomere kumpera ikonje y'amazi butajegajega hafi 95HB. Nyuma yo gutandukanya umurongo wo kuzimya amazi no gutinda kuzimya amazi ya 90s, ubukana butangira kugabanuka, ariko kugabanuka kugabanuka gahoro mugihe cyambere. Nyuma ya 40mm (89HB), ubukana buragabanuka cyane, kandi bugabanuka kugeza ku giciro cyo hasi (77HB) kuri 80mm. Nyuma ya 80mm, gukomera ntibyakomeje kugabanuka, ariko byiyongereye kurwego runaka. Ubwiyongere bwari buto. Nyuma ya 130mm, ubukomezi ntibwahindutse nka 83HB. Birashobora gutekerezwa ko kubera ingaruka zo gutwara ubushyuhe, igipimo cyo gukonjesha igice cyatinze kuzimya cyahindutse.
2.2 Ibisubizo by'ibizamini n'ibisubizo
Imbonerahamwe 2 irerekana ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku ngero zafashwe ku myanya itandukanye y’igice kibangikanye. Birashobora kuboneka ko imbaraga zingana nimbaraga zitanga No 1 na No 2 nta gihinduka. Nkuko igipimo cyo gutinda kuzimya cyarangiye cyiyongera, imbaraga zingana nimbaraga zitanga umusemburo werekana icyerekezo cyo kumanuka. Nyamara, imbaraga zingana kuri buri cyitegererezo kiri hejuru yimbaraga zisanzwe. Gusa mukarere hamwe nuburemere buke, imbaraga zumusaruro ziri munsi yicyitegererezo, imikorere yicyitegererezo ntabwo yujuje ibisabwa.
Igishushanyo cya 4 cyerekana imitungo ihindagurika ibisubizo byicyitegererezo No 3. Urashobora kuboneka kuva ku gishushanyo cya 4 ko kure yumurongo ugabanya, niko ubukana bwumuriro watinze kurangira. Kugabanuka kwubukomezi byerekana ko imikorere yicyitegererezo yagabanutse, ariko ubukana bugabanuka gahoro gahoro, gusa bigabanuka kuva 95HB bigera kuri 91HB kumpera yicyiciro kibangikanye. Nkuko bigaragara mubisubizo byakozwe mumeza 1, imbaraga zingana zagabanutse ziva kuri 342MPa zigera kuri 320MPa kugirango akonje amazi. Muri icyo gihe, wasangaga ingingo yo kuvunika ya sample ya tensile nayo iri kumpera yicyiciro kibangikanye nubukomezi buke. Ibi ni ukubera ko ari kure yubukonje bwamazi, imikorere ya alloy iragabanuka, kandi iherezo rigera kumipaka yingufu zabanje kubanza gukora ijosi. Kurangiza, guca kumurongo wo hasi cyane, kandi umwanya wo kuruhuka urahuza nibisubizo byikizamini.
Igicapo 5 cerekana ubukana bwumurongo wigice kibangikanye cyurugero No 4 hamwe nu mwanya wavunitse. Birashobora kuboneka ko kure yumurongo ugabanya amazi-gukonjesha amazi, niko bigabanya ubukana bwimpera yatinze. Mugihe kimwe, ahavunitse nabwo burangirira aho ubukana buri hasi, kuvunika 86HB. Kuva ku mbonerahamwe ya 2, usanga hafi ya hatabayeho guhindagurika kwa plastike kumpera ikonje y'amazi. Kuva ku mbonerahamwe ya 1, usanga imikorere yicyitegererezo (imbaraga zingana 298MPa, umusaruro 266MPa) yagabanutse cyane. Imbaraga zingana ni 298MPa gusa, zitagera ku mbaraga z'umusaruro ukonje w'amazi (315MPa). Iherezo ryakoze ijosi hasi iyo riri munsi ya 315MPa. Mbere yo kuvunika, gusa deforme ya elastique yabereye ahantu hakonje amazi. Mugihe imihangayiko yazimye, umurego ku mpera ikonje y'amazi wabuze. Nkigisubizo, ubwinshi bwimiterere muri zone ikonjesha amazi mumeza 2 ntabwo bihinduka. Icyitegererezo kimeneka kumpera yumuriro watinze, agace kahinduwe karagabanutse, kandi ubukana bwanyuma ni buke, bigatuma igabanuka ryibisubizo byakozwe.
Fata ibyitegererezo kuva 100% yatinze kuzimya kurangiza urugero rwa 400mm. Igishushanyo cya 6 cyerekana umurongo wo gukomera. Ubukomere bwigice kibangikanye bwaragabanutse kugera kuri 83-84HB kandi birahagaze neza. Bitewe n'inzira imwe, imikorere irasa. Nta gishushanyo kigaragara kiboneka mumwanya wavunitse. Imikorere ya alloy iri munsi yicyitegererezo cyamazi yazimye.
Kugirango turusheho gucukumbura imikorere yimikorere no kuvunika, igice kibangikanye cyurugero rwa tensile cyatoranijwe hafi yikibanza cyo hasi (77HB). Kuva ku mbonerahamwe ya 1, byagaragaye ko imikorere yagabanutse ku buryo bugaragara, kandi aho kuvunika byagaragaye ku ntera yo hasi y’ubukomere ku gishushanyo cya 2.
2.3 Ibisubizo by'isesengura
Igicapo 7 kirerekana ibisubizo bya ANSYS kwigana gukonjesha imirongo kumyanya itandukanye. Birashobora kugaragara ko ubushyuhe bwikitegererezo ahantu hakonjesha amazi bwagabanutse vuba. Nyuma ya 5s, ubushyuhe bwamanutse munsi ya 100 ° C, naho kuri 80mm uvuye kumurongo ugabanya, ubushyuhe bwaragabanutse kugera kuri 210 ° C kuri 90. Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe kigabanutse ni 3.5 ° C / s. Nyuma yamasegonda 90 mukarere gakonjesha ikirere, ubushyuhe buramanuka bugera kuri 360 ° C, hamwe nikigereranyo cyo kugabanuka cya 1.9 ° C / s.
Binyuze mu isesengura ryimikorere no kwigana ibisubizo, usanga imikorere yikibanza gikonjesha amazi hamwe n’ahantu hatinze kuzimya ari uburyo bwo guhinduka bubanza kugabanuka hanyuma bukiyongera gato. Biterwa no gukonjesha amazi hafi y'umurongo ugabanya, gutwara ubushyuhe bituma icyitegererezo mu gace runaka kigabanuka ku gipimo cyo gukonja kiri munsi yo gukonjesha amazi (3.5 ° C / s). Kubera iyo mpamvu, Mg2Si, yakomereje muri matrix, yaguye cyane muri kariya gace, maze ubushyuhe bugabanuka kugera kuri 210 ° C nyuma yamasegonda 90. Umubare munini wa Mg2Si waguye watumye habaho ingaruka ntoya yo gukonjesha amazi nyuma ya 90 s. Ingano ya Mg2Si ikomeza icyiciro yaguye nyuma yo kuvura gusaza yagabanutse cyane, kandi imikorere yicyitegererezo yaje kugabanuka. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, gutinda kuzimya kure cyane yumurongo ugabanijwe ntibibangamiwe no gutwara amazi akonje, kandi ibishishwa bikonjesha buhoro buhoro mugihe cyo gukonjesha ikirere (igipimo cyo gukonjesha 1.9 ° C / s). Gusa igice gito cyicyiciro cya Mg2Si kigwa buhoro buhoro, kandi ubushyuhe ni 360C nyuma ya 90. Nyuma yo gukonjesha amazi, igice kinini cya Mg2Si kiracyari muri matrix, kandi kiratatana kandi kigwa nyuma yo gusaza, bigira uruhare rukomeye.
3. Umwanzuro
Byabonetse binyuze mubushakashatsi bwerekana ko gutinda kuzimya bizatera ubukana bwa zone yatinze kuzimya ku masangano yo kuzimya bisanzwe no gutinda kuzimya kugirango bigabanuke hanyuma byiyongereho gato kugeza igihe bizarangirira.
Kuri 6061 ya aluminiyumu, imbaraga zingana nyuma yo kuzimya bisanzwe no gutinda kuzimya 90 s ni 342MPa na 288MPa, naho umusaruro utanga ni 315MPa na 252MPa, byombi byujuje ubuziranenge bw'icyitegererezo.
Hariho akarere gafite ubukana buke, bugabanuka kuva 95HB bugera kuri 77HB nyuma yo kuzimya bisanzwe. Imikorere hano nayo iri hasi cyane, hamwe nimbaraga zingana na 271MPa nimbaraga zitanga 220MPa.
Binyuze mu isesengura rya ANSYS, byagaragaye ko igipimo cyo gukonja ku mikorere yo hasi cyane mu myaka ya za 90 yatinze kuzimya cyagabanutseho hafi 3,5 ° C ku isegonda, bivamo igisubizo kidahagije cy’icyiciro cya Mg2Si. Dukurikije iyi ngingo, birashobora kugaragara ko aho ingaruka ziterwa n’imikorere zigaragara mu gice cyatinze cyo kuzimya aho ihurira no kuzimya bisanzwe no gutinda kuzimya, kandi ntabwo iri kure y’isangano, rifite akamaro gakomeye ko kuyobora umurizo wo gufata neza umurizo. kurangiza imyanda.
Byahinduwe na Gicurasi Jiang wo muri MAT Aluminium
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-28-2024
