Kunoza Ubwiza bwa AlUmini

Mugihe cyo kwiyongera kwa AluminiU, Alloy Ibikoresho byacitse, cyane cyane imyirondoro ya Aluminium, "imashini" iboneka hejuru. Ibigaragara byihariye birimo ibibyimba bito cyane bifite ubucucike butandukanye, umurizo, kandi ukuboko kugaragara kumva, hamwe numva. Nyuma yo kuri okiside cyangwa kuvura hejuru ya electhitic, akenshi bigaragara nki granules yumukara ihindura hejuru yibicuruzwa.

Mu gutanga imirongo ibiri yimyirondoro nini, iyi sime irashobora kubaho kubera ingaruka zimiterere ya ingot, ubushyuhe bwihuse, ibihangano byiyongera, nibindi byinshi mubice byiza byinzego zabanjijwe birashobora gukurwaho mugihe cya Umwirondoro wo Kwitegura hejuru, cyane cyane inzira ya alkali, mugihe umubare muto wibice binini, byubahirijwe neza bikomeza kumwanya wumwirondoro, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yanyuma ibicuruzwa.

Mu muryango usanzwe wo kubaka no kwishushanya ibicuruzwa byumwirondoro, abakiriya muri rusange bemera inenge ntoya, ariko kumyirondoro yinganda ziba ngombwa gushimangira imitungo ya mashini, mubisanzwe ntabwo yemera iyi nenge, abakiriya muri rusange batere inenge ari bidahuye nibara ritandukanye.

Kugirango usesengure uburyo bwo gushinga ibice bikabije, morphologiya nibigize aho bahuriye mu buryo butandukanye no gusesengura byasesenguwe, kandi itandukaniro riri hagati y'inenge na matrix byagereranijwe. Igisubizo cyumvikana kugirango gikemuke neza ibice bikabije, kandi ikizamini cyo kugerageza cyakorwaga.

Gukemura ishyano ryimyirondoro, birakenewe gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwo gushinga imishinga inenge. Mugihe cyo kwiyongera, aluminiyumu yiziritse kumukandara ukora nimpamvu nyamukuru yo gutera inzitizi hejuru yibikoresho bya aluminiyumu. Ibi ni ukubera ko inzira yo kuzenguruka imaze gukorerwa ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa 450 ° C. Niba ingaruka zubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwongeweho, ubushyuhe bwicyuma buzaba burenze iyo buva mumwobo. Iyo ibicuruzwa bivuye mu mwobo, kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi, hari igitekerezo cya aluminiyumu kizirika hagati y'icyuma n'umukandara wa mold.

Uburyo bw'ubwo buhinzi akenshi ni: inzira yo guhuzagutse yo guhuza - gutanyagura - Guhuza - Gutembera, kandi ibicuruzwa bitemba, bikavamo ibyobo bito bito hejuru y'ibicuruzwa.

Ibi bintu bihuriye bifitanye isano nibintu nkubwiza bwa ingot, ubuso bwumutimanama ukorera, ubushyuhe bukabije, umuvuduko ukabije, urwego rwo guhinduranya charmation.

Ibizamini 1 Ibizamini nuburyo

Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwibanze, twamenye ibintu nkibintu bya metallurgical, imiterere ya mold, inzira yo gukanda, ibikoresho, nibikorwa byumusaruro birashobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere ya rougle isenyutse. Muri iki kizamini, Akoni ya Alloy, 6005a na 6060, yakoreshwaga mu guhindagurika igice kimwe. Morphology hamwe nibigize imyanya ya roughene yasesenguwe binyuze muburyo butaziguye gusoma hamwe nuburyo bwo kumenya, no ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe bwa matrix isanzwe.

Kugirango utandukanye neza na morphologiya zibice bibiri byatewe hamwe nibice, bisobanurwa nkibi bikurikira:

. Ingwate itangirira kumenagura kandi irangirana ninzitizi zigenda, ziteranya ibishyimbo byicyuma kumpera yumurongo wa scratch. Ingano yimyenda yashizwe muri rusange 1-5mm, kandi ihinduka umukara wijimye nyuma yo kuvura okiside, amaherezo bigira ingaruka kumiterere yumwirondoro, nkuko bigaragara kumuzimutu murutonde rwa 1.

(2) ibice byo hejuru byitwa ibishyimbo byicyuma cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera. Ubuso bwa alUmunum alloy umwirondoro wa aluminium wometseho hamwe nicyatsi kibisi-umukara icyuma kandi gifite imiterere irekuye. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa aluminium umwirondoro: abashobora guhanagurwa hamwe nibidashobora guhanagurwa. Ingano muri rusange iri munsi ya 0.5mm, kandi irumva gukoraho. Nta gushushanya mu gice cy'imbere. Nyuma yama okidation, ntabwo itandukanye cyane na matrix, nkuko bigaragara kumuzingi yumuhondo.

Ibisubizo 2 Ibizamini hamwe nisesengura

2.1 hejuru yubuso bukurura inenge

Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana icyamamare cya microstracuard of denepling inenge hejuru ya 6005a alloy. Hano hari intambwe imeze nkintambwe mugice cyimbere cyo gukurura, kandi barangiza bakoresheje nodules. Nyuma yo ku nodule igaragara, ubuso busubira mubisanzwe. Aho inenge ya roughe ntabwo yoroshye gukoraho, ifite amahwa atyaye yumva, kandi akurikiza cyangwa akusanya hejuru yumwirondoro. Binyuze mu kizamini kigenda, cyagaragaye ko morphologiya ikurura 6005a na 6060 basinziriye isa, kandi umurizo urangira ibicuruzwa birenze umutwe; Itandukaniro nuko ubunini rusange bukurura 6005a ni buto kandi ubujyakuzimu buracika intege. Ibi birashobora kuba bifitanye isano nimpinduka muri alloy ibigize, shyira inkomoko, nibihe bya mold. Yitegereje munsi ya 100x, hari ibimenyetso bigaragara kuruhande rwimbere yikibanza kikurura, kigera kubuyobozi bwimiterere, kandi imiterere ya sadule ya nyuma ntabwo ari rusange. Kuri 500x, impera yimbere yinyuma ikurura intambwe imeze nkigishushanyo mbonera (ingano yiyi singero igera kuri 120 μm

Kugirango usesengure ibitera gukurura, kwerekana amashusho ya EDX na Edx byakoreshwaga mu gukora isesengura ryibigize kumwanya wa pericare hamwe na matrix yinkipu eshatu. Imbonerahamwe 1 yerekana ibisubizo byikizamini cyumwirondoro wa 6005A. Ibisubizo bya EDX byerekana ko ibigize umwanya wihuta byibice bikurura ahanini bisa na matrix. Byongeye kandi, ibice byiza byanduye byegeranijwe kandi bikikije inenge bikurura, kandi ibimenyetso byanduye birimo c, o (cyangwa cl), cyangwa fe, si, si, si

Isesengura ryinshi rya roughenings ya 6005a okiside nziza yerekana ko ibice bikurura binini mubunini (1-5mm), ubuso burashyizwe ahagaragara, kandi hari intambwe imeze nkintambwe ku gice cyimbere; Ibihimbano byegereje kuri Al Matrix, kandi hazaba ibyiciro bitandukanye birimo Fe, Si, C, na o kugaba hafi yayo. Byerekana ko uburyo bwo gukurura ibikorwa bitatu bya alloys ari kimwe.

Mugihe cyo kwiyongera, amakimbirane yicyuma azatera ubushyuhe bwumutego wa mold uzamuka, ugize "inkoni ya aluminium" kurupapuro rwinjira mumukandara. Mugihe kimwe, birenze si hamwe nibindi bintu nka MN na CR muri aluminium biroroshye gushiraho ibisubizo bikomeye hamwe na Fe, bizamura uburyo bwa "inkoni ya aluminium" ku bwinjiriro bwakarere ka Mold.

Nkuko ibyuma gitemba imbere no kugaburira umukandara wakazi, ikintu cyo gusubiza gihuje ubumwe bukomeza guhuriza hamwe bibaho kumwanya runaka, bigatuma ibyuma bikomeza kuba birenze iyi myanya. Iyo ibice byiyongereyeho ingano runaka, bizakururwa nibicuruzwa bitemba hamwe ningingo zishushanyije hejuru yicyuma. Bizaguma hejuru yicyuma kandi bikora gukurura ibice kumpera ya scratch. Nyuma yaho, birashobora gufatwa nkaho gushiraho ibice bya nyakashius bifitanye isano ahanini na aluminium bifatanye numukandara wa Mold. Ibyiciro byikirere byagabanijwe bishobora guturuka ku mavuta yo guswera, oxide cyangwa uduce duhuriye n'umukungugu, kimwe n'ingaruka zazanywe n'ubuso bubi.

Ariko, umubare wa paule mubisubizo bya 6005a ni bito kandi impamyabumenyi irimo koroshya. Ku ruhande rumwe, biterwa na chamferding mugusohoka kumukandara wa mold hamwe nigitugu cyitondewe kugirango ugabanye umubyimba wa aluminium; Kurundi ruhande, bifitanye isano nibirimo birenze si.

Dukurikije gusoma bitanga ibitekerezo bitaziguye, birashobora kugaragara ko usibye si yahujwe na MG MG2SI, SI isigaye igaragara muburyo bworoshye.

2.2 uduce duto two hejuru

Munsi yubukwe buke, ibice ni bike (≤0.5mm), ntibigenda neza gukora, bifite ibyiyumvo bityaye, kandi byubahiriza umwirondoro. Yagaragaye munsi ya 100x, uduce duto hejuru twakwirakwijwe kubushake, kandi hariho uduce duto duto dutoboye hejuru tutitaye niba hari ibishushanyo cyangwa bidasoza;

Kuri 500x, ntakibazo niba hari intambwe igaragara hejuru yubuyobozi bwimiterere, ibice byinshi biracyafatanye, kandi ingano ziratandukanye. Ingano nini nini ni 15 μm, naho ibice bito bigera kuri 5 μm.

Binyuze mu isesengura rya 6060 alloy hejuru ya metero 60 za matriac, ibice bigizwe ahanini na O, c, si, sine, kandi ibirimo alumini biri hasi cyane. Ibice hafi ya byose birimo o na c. Ibigize buri gice gitandukanye gato. Muri bo, ibice biri hafi 10 μm, bikurenga cyane kuruta matrix si, MG, na O; Muri c uduce, si, kandi ntibubura hejuru; Ibice d na f birimo sine, O, na Na; ibice e birimo si, FE, na O; H ibice nibice birimo ibice. Ibisubizo by'ibice 6060 birasa n'ibi, ariko kubera ko si kandi ibirimo muri 6060 ubwayo ni bike, ibirimo bihuye na si kandi ikibirimo hejuru; C Ibirimo mu bice 6060 birasa.

Ibice byo hejuru ntibishobora kuba bibiri bito, ariko birashobora kandi kubaho muburyo bwo gukusanya ibice bito bito bifite imiterere itandukanye, hamwe nubusa bwimibare itandukanye muburyo butandukanye buratandukanye. Byemezwa ko ibice bigizwe ahanini nubwoko bubiri. Imwe iterwa na alfesi na poromental si, itangwa muburyo bwo gusoza agaciro kambere nka feal3 cyangwa alfesi (mn) muri ingot, cyangwa kwinjiza ibyiciro mugihe cyo gukora ingendo. Ikindi ni umuhanga muke.

2.3 Ingaruka zo hejuru yubuso bwa Ingot

Mu kizamini, wasangaga ko hejuru yinyuma ya 6005a yateye inkoni Lathe yari ikaze kandi yandujwe n'umukungugu. Hariho inkoni ebyiri zatewe no guhindura ibintu byimbitse ahantu ho guhuriza hamwe, bihuye byiyongera byiyongera kumubare ukurura nyuma, kandi ubunini bwurukurura rumwe bwari bunini, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 7.

6005A inkoni idafite lathe, bityo ubuso bwubuso buri hasi kandi umubare wibikurura bigabanuka. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko nta mazi arenze yo gutema amatara ya lathe ibimenyetso byinkoni ya School, ibintu bya C. Ibirimo bihuye bigabanuka. Byerekanwe ko ibimenyetso byo guhinduka hejuru yintoki bizagutera gukurura hamwe nurugero runaka.

3 Ikiganiro

(1) Ibigize gukurura inenge ni kimwe na matrix. Nibice byamahanga, uruhu rwa kera hejuru yingot hamwe nubundi bwato bwegeranijwe mu rukuta rwiziritse cyangwa ahantu hatangiriyeho kubumba cyangwa hejuru yicyuma cyangwa umuyoboro wa alUmini umukandara. Mugihe ibicuruzwa bitemba imbere, ibishushanyo mbonera byatewe, kandi mugihe ibicuruzwa byegeranya nubunini runaka, bifatwa nibicuruzwa byo gukurura. Nyuma yamagambo, gukurura byarinzwe, kandi bitewe nubunini bunini, hari inenge zimeze nk'intoki zaho.

. Ibihimbano byabo biragaragara ko bitandukanye na matrix, kandi ahanini birimo O, c, fe, na 4. Bimwe mubice byiganjemo o na c yibintu, kandi ibice bimwe byiganjemo o, c, fe, na si. Kubwibyo, byemejwe ko ibice byo hejuru biva mumasoko abiri: Umwe arungito nka Alfesi na SPOMESTI SIE, hamwe numwanda nka O na C bihujwe hejuru; Ikindi ni umuhanga muke. Ibice byangirika nyuma yamagambo. Bitewe nubunini bwayo, nta ngaruka cyangwa ntoya hejuru.

. Ibice by'ingenzi bya peteroli yoroheje ni c, O, h, s, s, et., Kandi igice kinini cyumukungugu nubutaka ni sio2. O Ibirimo ibice byo hejuru muri rusange biri hejuru. Kuberako ibice biri mubushyuhe bwo hejuru nyuma yo kuva mu mukandara wakazi, kandi kubera ubuso bunini bwibice, byoroshye atom mu kirere kandi bigatera okide nyuma yo guhura numwuka, bikavamo O. ibirimo kuruta matrix.

. Fe Eation ikomoka kuri Fe muri Aluminium Ingots, Gukora Ibipimo Byinshi Byinshi Byimiterere nka Feal, Si ibaho muri matrix ya aluminium muburyo bwa MG2SI cyangwa igisubizo kidasanzwe cya si mugihe cyo gutakaza. Mugihe cyo kwiyongera kwimiterere yinkoni, sine irenze. Kudakemurwa kwa si muri aluminium ni 0.48% kuri 450 ° C na 0.8% (wt%) kuri 500 ° C. IBISANZWE SI Ibirimo muri 6005 ni hafi 0.41%, kandi sisitemu yimvura irashobora gutera imbere nimvura iterwa no guhindagurika.

(5) Aluminium yiziritse kumukandara wa mold niyo mpamvu nyamukuru itera gukurura. Kuzenguruka gupfa ni ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe bwinshi. Icyuma kigenda neza kizongera ubushyuhe bwumukandara wakazi, gukora "umuyoboro wa aluminium" kurupapuro rwinjira mumukandara wakazi.

Mugihe kimwe, birenze si hamwe nibindi bintu nka MN na CR muri aluminium biroroshye gushiraho ibisubizo bikomeye hamwe na Fe, bizamura uburyo bwa "inkoni ya aluminium" ku bwinjiriro bwakarere ka Mold. Ibyuma bitemba mu "Gufata Aluminium" ni ubw'imbere mu gihugu (kunyerera mucyuma mucyuma). Icyuma gihinduranya na kirusiko kubera guterana imbere, biteza imbere ibyuma biri imbere nubutaka bwo gukomera. Mugihe kimwe, umukandara wakozwe na Mold wahinduwe kumpanda kubera igitutu, hamwe na alumunum ifatanye yakozwe na Track Igice cyumukandara wakazi kavuga ko ari ugukata igikoresho cyo guhindura.

Imiterere ya aluminiyumu ni inzira nziza yo gukura no kumena. Ibice bihora bikurwa numwirondoro.Umuyobozi hejuru yumwirondoro, bikora ibikurura. Niba itemba hanze yumukandara wakazi kandi ako kanya ihishe hejuru yumwirondoro, ibice bito byumvikanye hejuru bitwa "ibishushanyo bya adsoption". Niba uduce tumwe tuzavunika na aluminiyumu yagaragaye, ibice bimwe bizakomeza hejuru yumukandara wakazi mugihe unyuze mumukandara wakazi, bigatera gushushanya hejuru yumwirondoro. Umurizo urangira ni matrix yashyizwe ahagaragara. Iyo hari byinshi byahumurizaga hagati yumukandara wakazi (ingwate irakomeye), izongera gushushanya hejuru.

(6) Umuvuduko ukabije ufite ingaruka zikomeye kumakuru. Ingaruka zo kwihuta. Ku bijyanye na 6005 theleds Umuvuduko ukabije ugomba kubikwa bishoboka kugirango wirinde impinduka zitunguranye mumuvuduko. Ubwihuta bukabije nubushyuhe bwo hejuru buzayobora guterana amagambo no guterana amagambo. Uburyo bwihariye bwingaruka zingaruka zimyidagaduro ndende kuri phenomen phenomenon isaba gukurikiranwa no kugenzura.

. Ubuso bwinkoni yateye irakabije, hamwe nu murambo, ibizinga bya peteroli, umukungugu, ruswa, nibindi, byose byongera impengamiro yo gukurura ibice.

UMWANZURO

(1) Ibigize Gukurura inenge bihuye n'iya matrix; Ibigize Umwanya uhagaze biragaragara ko bitandukanye na matrix, ahanini birimo o, c, fe, na 4.

. Ibintu byose biteza imbere Aluminium bifatanye numukandara wakozwe na Mold uzatera gukurura inenge. Mugihe cyo kwemeza ireme ryinkoni ya SED, igisekuru cyo gukurura ibice nta ngaruka zitaziguye kuri alloy.

(3) Kuvura umuriro bisobanutse neza ni byiza kugabanya hejuru.