Kubera ko amavuta ya aluminiyumu yoroheje, meza, afite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, kandi afite uburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe no gutunganya ibintu, bikoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu nganda za IT, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’inganda z’imodoka, cyane cyane mu nganda za LED zigenda zigaragara. Ibi bikoresho bya aluminium alloy ibice byo gukwirakwiza bifite imikorere myiza yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Mu musaruro, urufunguzo rwo gusohora neza ibyo bisobanuro byerekana imishwarara. Kuberako iyi myirondoro muri rusange ifite ibiranga amenyo manini kandi yuzuye yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe hamwe nigituba kirekire cyo guhagarikwa, imiterere gakondo ipfa gupfa, imiterere yo gupfa igabanijwe hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri cyerekana imiterere ipfa ntishobora guhura neza nibisabwa imbaraga zimbaraga no kubumba.
Kugeza ubu, ibigo byishingikiriza cyane ku bwiza bwibyuma. Kugirango bongere imbaraga zububiko, ntibatinda gukoresha ibyuma bihenze bitumizwa mu mahanga. Igiciro cyibibumbano ni kinini cyane, kandi ubuzima busanzwe bwikigereranyo kiri munsi ya 3t, bigatuma igiciro cyisoko rya radiatori kiri hejuru cyane, bikabuza cyane kuzamura no kumenyekanisha amatara ya LED. Kubwibyo, gusohora bipfa kumirasire yizuba imeze nkururondogoro rwashimishije cyane abakozi ba injeniyeri naba tekinike mu nganda.
Iyi ngingo irerekana uburyo butandukanye bwa sunflower radiator profil extrusion bipfa kuboneka mumyaka myinshi yubushakashatsi butangaje hamwe nubushakashatsi bwakorewe inshuro nyinshi hakoreshejwe ingero mubikorwa nyirizina, kugirango byerekanwa nabagenzi.
1. Isesengura ryimiterere yibiranga ibice bya profili ya aluminium
Igishushanyo cya 1 cyerekana kwambukiranya igice cyumucyo wumucyo wumucyo wa aluminium. Agace kambukiranya umwirondoro ni 7773.5mm², hamwe amenyo 40 yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Ingano ntarengwa yo gufungura imeze hagati y amenyo ni 4.46 mm. Nyuma yo kubara, igipimo cyururimi hagati y amenyo ni 15.7. Muri icyo gihe, hari ahantu hanini hakomeye hagati yumwirondoro, hamwe nubuso bwa 3846.5mm².
Urebye imiterere iranga umwirondoro, umwanya uri hagati y amenyo urashobora gufatwa nkibice bitagaragara, kandi umwirondoro wa radiator ugizwe na profili nyinshi. Kubwibyo, mugihe dushushanya imiterere, urufunguzo ni ukureba uburyo bwo kwemeza imbaraga zububiko. Nubwo kuri profil-hollow imyirondoro, inganda zateje imbere imiterere itandukanye ikuze, nka "igipfundikizo cya spitter", "gukata ibice", "ikiraro cyo guhagarika ikiraro", nibindi, ariko, izi nyubako ntizikoreshwa mubicuruzwa bigizwe na profili nyinshi zidafite ishingiro. Igishushanyo cya gakondo kireba gusa ibikoresho, ariko mugushushanya, ingaruka zikomeye ku mbaraga nimbaraga zo gukuramo mugihe cyo gukuramo, kandi inzira yo gukora ibyuma nikintu nyamukuru kibyara imbaraga zo gukuramo.
Bitewe nubuso bunini bukomeye hagati yumurasire wizuba, biroroshye cyane gutera umuvuduko rusange muri kariya gace kwihuta cyane mugihe cyo gukuramo ibicuruzwa, kandi impungenge ziyongera zizabyara kumutwe wihagarikwa ryimbere; umuyoboro, bikaviramo kuvunika umuyoboro uhuza intertooth. Kubwibyo, mugushushanya imiterere yububiko, dukwiye kwibanda muguhindura igipimo cyumuvuduko wicyuma nigipimo cyogutemba kugirango tugere ku ntego yo kugabanya umuvuduko wogusohora no kunoza imihangayiko yumuyoboro wahagaritswe hagati y amenyo, kugirango tunoze imbaraga za ifumbire.
2. Guhitamo imiterere yububiko hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukanda
2.1 Imiterere yububiko
Ku mwirondoro wizuba wizuba werekana ku gishushanyo 1, nubwo bidafite igice cyuzuye, bigomba gufata imiterere igabanijwe nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2. Bitandukanye n’imiterere gakondo ya shunt, icyumba cyo kugurisha ibyuma gishyirwa hejuru ifumbire, hamwe ninjizamo imiterere ikoreshwa muburyo bwo hasi. Ikigamijwe ni ukugabanya ibiciro byububiko no kugabanya ingendo zikora. Byombi hejuru yo hejuru hamwe nibice byo hasi birahari kandi birashobora gukoreshwa. Icy'ingenzi cyane, ibyobo bipfa bishobora gutunganywa byigenga, bishobora kurushaho kwemeza neza umukandara wakazi. Umwobo w'imbere wububiko bwo hasi wateguwe nkintambwe. Igice cyo hejuru hamwe nu mwobo wubatswe byemeza neza, kandi agaciro kinyuranyo kumpande zombi ni 0.06 ~ 0.1m; igice cyo hepfo cyemera guhuza, kandi amafaranga yo kwivanga kumpande zombi ni 0.02 ~ 0.04m, ifasha kwemeza coaxiality kandi ikoroshya guterana, bigatuma inlay ihuza neza, kandi mugihe kimwe, irashobora kwirinda ihindagurika ryibumba ryatewe no kwishyiriraho ubushyuhe. kwivanga bikwiye.
2.2 Guhitamo ubushobozi bwa extruder
Guhitamo ubushobozi bwa extruder ni, kuruhande rumwe, kugirango tumenye diameter yimbere ikwiye ya barriel yo gukuramo hamwe nigitutu ntarengwa cyihariye cya extruder kumurongo wigice cyo gukuramo kugirango uhure nigitutu mugihe cyo gukora ibyuma. Kurundi ruhande, ni ukumenya igipimo gikwiye cyo gukuramo no guhitamo ingano yubunini bukwiye bushingiye kubiciro. Kumirasire yizuba ya radiyo ya aluminium, igipimo cyo gukuramo ntigishobora kuba kinini cyane. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko imbaraga zo gukuramo zingana nigipimo cyo gukuramo. Umubare munini wo gukuramo, niko imbaraga zo gukuramo. Ibi birababaje cyane kumirasire yizuba ya radiyo ya aluminium.
Ubunararibonye bwerekana ko ikigereranyo cyo gukuramo imyirondoro ya aluminiyumu ku mirasire y'izuba kiri munsi ya 25. Ku mwirondoro werekanye ku gishushanyo cya 1, hatoranijwe 20.0 MN ya MN hamwe na barrière yimbere ya diameter ya mm 208. Nyuma yo kubara, igitutu ntarengwa cyihariye cya extruder ni 589MPa, nigiciro gikwiye. Niba umuvuduko wihariye ari mwinshi, igitutu kumurongo kizaba kinini, cyangiza ubuzima bwikibumbano; niba igitutu cyihariye ari gito cyane, ntigishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gusohora. Ubunararibonye bwerekana ko igitutu cyihariye kiri hagati ya 550 ~ 750 MPa gishobora kuzuza neza ibisabwa bitandukanye. Nyuma yo kubara, coefficient yo gukuramo ni 4.37. Ingano yububiko bwatoranijwe nka mm 350 mmx200 (diameter yo hanze x dogere).
3. Kugena ibipimo byubatswe
3.1 Ibice byo hejuru byubatswe
(1) Umubare nimitunganyirize yimyobo. Kuri sunflower radiator umwirondoro wa shunt mold, uko umubare wimyobo ya shunt, nibyiza. Kumwirondoro ufite imiterere isa nizunguruka, 3 kugeza 4 gakondo ya shunt yatoranijwe muri rusange. Igisubizo nuko ubugari bwikiraro cya shunt ari bunini. Mubisanzwe, iyo ari binini kurenza 20mm, umubare wabasudira ni muto. Ariko, mugihe uhitamo umukandara wakazi wumwobo wapfuye, umukandara wakazi wumwobo wapfuye munsi yikiraro cya shunt ugomba kuba mugufi. Ukurikije ko nta buryo bunoze bwo kubara bwo gutoranya umukandara ukora, mubisanzwe bizatera umwobo wapfuye munsi yikiraro nibindi bice bitagera ku kigero kimwe cyogutemba mugihe cyo gucukurwa kubera itandukaniro ryumukandara wakazi, Iri tandukanyirizo ryumuvuduko rizatanga impagarara ziyongera kuri kantileveri kandi bitume ihindagurika ry amenyo yubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, kugirango imirasire yizuba yizuba ipfa numubare mwinshi w amenyo, nibyingenzi cyane kugirango igipimo cyogutemba kwa buri menyo gihamye. Mugihe umubare wibyobo bya shunt wiyongera, umubare wikiraro cya shunt uziyongera ukurikije, kandi umuvuduko wogukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza ibyuma bizaba byinshi ndetse. Ibi ni ukubera ko uko umubare wikiraro cya shunt wiyongera, ubugari bwikiraro cya shunt burashobora kugabanuka uko bikwiye.
Amakuru afatika yerekana ko umubare wibyobo bya shunt muri rusange ari 6 cyangwa 8, cyangwa birenze. Birumvikana ko kuri bimwe binini binini byerekana izuba ryinshi, ifumbire yo hejuru irashobora kandi gutunganya umwobo wa shunt ukurikije ihame ryubugari bwikiraro ≤ 14mm. Itandukaniro nuko isahani yimbere igomba kongerwaho mbere yo gukwirakwiza no guhindura ibyuma bitemba. Umubare no gutondekanya umwobo utandukanya icyapa cyimbere gishobora gukorwa muburyo gakondo.
Byongeye kandi, mugihe utegura umwobo wa shunt, hagomba kwitabwaho gukoresha ifumbire yo hejuru kugirango ikingire neza umutwe wa cantilever yinyo yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe kugirango wirinde icyuma gukubita mu buryo butaziguye umutwe wumuyoboro wa cantilever bityo bikazamura imihangayiko. ya kantilever. Igice cyahagaritswe cyumutwe wa cantilever hagati y amenyo kirashobora kuba 1/5 ~ 1/4 cyuburebure bwigitereko. Imiterere yimyobo ya shunt irerekanwa mumashusho 3
(2) Umubano wubuso bwumwobo wa shunt. Kuberako uburebure bwurukuta rwumuzi w amenyo ashyushye ari nto kandi uburebure buri kure yikigo, kandi ahantu hagaragara haratandukanye cyane hagati, nikintu kigoye cyane gukora ibyuma. Kubwibyo, ingingo yingenzi mugushushanya izuba ryerekana imirasire yizuba ni ugutuma umuvuduko wikigice cyo hagati ugabanuka gahoro gashoboka kugirango icyuma kibanze cyuzuze umuzi w amenyo. Kugirango ugere ku ngaruka nk'izo, ku ruhande rumwe, ni uguhitamo umukandara ukora, kandi cyane cyane, kugena agace k'umwobo uyobora, cyane cyane agace k'igice cyo hagati gihuye n'umwobo uyobora. Ibizamini hamwe nindangagaciro zifatika byerekana ko ingaruka nziza igerwaho mugihe ubuso bwumwobo wo hagati wa S1 hamwe nubuso bwumwobo wo hanze utandukanya S2 bwujuje umubano ukurikira: S1 = (0.52 ~ 0.72) S2
Byongeye kandi, umuyoboro mwiza wicyuma cyumwobo wo hagati ugomba kuba ufite uburebure bwa 20 ~ 25mm kurenza umuyoboro mwiza wogukwirakwiza icyuma cyo gutandukana. Ubu burebure kandi bwita ku ntera n'ibishoboka byo gusana ibumba.
(3) Ubujyakuzimu bw'icyumba cyo gusudira. Sunflower radiator umwirondoro wo gukuramo bipfa gutandukana na shunt gakondo. Icyumba cyacyo cyose cyo gusudira kigomba kuba kiri hejuru yurupfu. Ibi ni ukugirango hamenyekane neza uburyo bwo gutunganya umwobo wo gutunganya urupfu rwo hasi, cyane cyane umukandara wakazi. Ugereranije nubusanzwe bwa shunt, ubujyakuzimu bwicyumba cyo gusudira cyumurishyo wizuba wa sunflower umwirondoro wa shunt bigomba kwiyongera. Nubushobozi bwimashini yo gukuramo, niko kwiyongera mubwimbitse bwicyumba cyo gusudira, ari 15 ~ 25mm. Kurugero, niba hakoreshejwe imashini ya MN 20 ya MN, ubujyakuzimu bwicyumba cyo gusudira cya shunt gakondo bipfa ni 20 ~ 22mm, mugihe ubujyakuzimu bwicyumba cyo gusudira cya shunt bipfa kumirasire yizuba ryizuba bigomba kuba mm 35 ~ 40 mm . Ibyiza byibi nuko icyuma gisudira rwose kandi guhangayikishwa numuyoboro wahagaritswe bikagabanuka cyane. Imiterere yicyumba cyo hejuru cyo gusudira cyerekanwe mubishusho 4.
3.2 Igishushanyo cyo gupfa umwobo
Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gupfamo umwobo gikubiyemo ahanini ingano yumwobo wapfuye, umukandara wakazi, diameter yo hanze nubunini bwikibirindiro, nibindi.
(1) Kumenya ingano yumwobo. Ingano yumwobo irashobora kugenwa muburyo gakondo, cyane cyane urebye igipimo cyo gutunganya amashyanyarazi.
(2) Guhitamo umukandara wakazi. Ihame ryo gutoranya umukandara ni ukubanza kwemeza ko itangwa ryibyuma byose munsi yumuzi w amenyo bihagije, kuburyo umuvuduko wo gutembera munsi yumuzi w amenyo wihuta kuruta ibindi bice. Kubwibyo, umukandara ukora munsi yumuzi w amenyo ugomba kuba mugufi, ufite agaciro ka 0.3 ~ 0,6mm, naho umukandara wakazi mubice byegeranye ugomba kwiyongera kuri 0.3mm. Ihame ni ukongera 0.4 ~ 0.5 buri 10 ~ 15mm yerekeza hagati; icya kabiri, umukandara ukora mugice kinini gikomeye cyikigo ntigomba kurenza 7mm. Bitabaye ibyo, niba uburebure bwikinyuranyo bwumukandara bukora ari bunini cyane, amakosa manini azagaragara mugutunganya electrode y'umuringa no gutunganya EDM gutunganya umukandara ukora. Iri kosa rirashobora gutuma byoroshye guta amenyo kumeneka mugihe cyo gukuramo. Umukandara w'akazi urerekanwa mu gishushanyo cya 5.
(3) Diameter yinyuma nubunini bwinjiza. Kubisanzwe bya shunt, ubunini bwumwobo wapfuye nubunini bwububiko bwo hasi. Nyamara, kumirasire yizuba yizuba, niba umubyimba mwiza wumwobo wapfuye ari munini cyane, umwirondoro uzahita uhura nuruva mugihe cyo gusohora no gusohora, bikaviramo amenyo ataringaniye, gushushanya cyangwa no kunyoza amenyo. Ibi bizatera amenyo kumeneka.
Byongeye kandi, niba umubyimba wurwobo upfuye ari muremure cyane, kuruhande rumwe, igihe cyo gutunganya ni kirekire mugihe cya EDM, naho kurundi ruhande, biroroshye gutera amashanyarazi kwangirika, kandi biroroshye na bitera gutandukana amenyo mugihe cyo gukuramo. Byumvikane ko, niba umwobo wapfuye ari muto cyane, imbaraga z amenyo ntishobora kwizerwa. Kubwibyo, urebye ibi bintu byombi urebye, uburambe bwerekana ko urwego rwo gupfa rwinjiza urwego rwo hasi muri rusange ni 40 kugeza 50; na diametre yinyuma yumwobo wapfuye igomba kuba mm 25 kugeza 30 mm kuva kumpande nini yumwobo wapfuye kugeza kumuzingi winyuma winjizamo.
Ku mwirondoro werekanye ku gishushanyo cya 1, diameter yo hanze n'ubugari bw'umwobo wapfuye ni 225mm na 50mm. Kwinjiza umwobo wapfuye byerekanwe mubishusho 6. D mubishushanyo nubunini nyabwo naho ubunini bwizina ni 225mm. Gutandukana kugipimo cyacyo cyo hanze bihujwe ukurikije umwobo w'imbere wububiko bwo hasi kugirango harebwe ko icyuho kimwe kiri hagati ya 0.01 ~ 0.02mm. Igice cyo gupfira cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 6. Ingano yizina yumwobo wimbere wumwobo wapfuye ushyizwe kumurongo wo hasi ni 225mm. Ukurikije ubunini bwapimwe, guhagarika umwobo bipfa guhuzwa ukurikije ihame rya 0.01 ~ 0.02mm kuruhande. Diameter yo hanze yumwobo wapfuye irashobora kuboneka nka D, ariko kugirango byoroherezwe kwishyiriraho, diameter yinyuma yumurongo windorerwamo yapfuye irashobora kugabanuka muburyo bwa 0.1m kumpera yibiryo, nkuko bigaragara kumashusho. .
4. Tekinoroji yingenzi yo gukora ibicuruzwa
Gutunganya imirasire yizuba ya sunflower ntaho itandukaniye cyane nubusanzwe bwa aluminiyumu. Itandukaniro rigaragara rigaragarira cyane cyane mugutunganya amashanyarazi.
(1) Kubijyanye no guca insinga, birakenewe gukumira ihindagurika rya electrode y'umuringa. Kubera ko electrode y'umuringa ikoreshwa kuri EDM iremereye, amenyo ni mato cyane, electrode ubwayo iroroshye, ifite ubukana buke, kandi ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwaho buterwa no guca insinga bituma electrode ihinduka muburyo bworoshye mugihe cyo guca insinga. Iyo ukoresheje electrode y'umuringa yahinduwe kugirango utunganyirize umukandara wakazi hamwe nicyuma cyubusa, amenyo yunamye azabaho, bishobora gutuma byoroshye kubumba mugihe cyo gutunganya. Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe gukumira ihindagurika rya electrode y'umuringa mugihe cyo gukora kumurongo. Ingamba nyamukuru zo gukumira ni: mbere yo gukata insinga, kuringaniza umuringa nigitanda; koresha icyerekezo kugirango uhindure vertical mu ntangiriro; mugihe cyo gukata insinga, tangira uhereye kumenyo yambere, hanyuma urangize igice nurukuta rwinshi; Igihe kimwe cyose, koresha insinga zifeza zuzuye kugirango wuzuze ibice byaciwe; nyuma yo gukora insinga, koresha imashini yinsinga kugirango uce igice kigufi cya mm 4 hafi yuburebure bwa electrode y'umuringa yaciwe.
(2) Gutunganya amashanyarazi biratandukanye nuburyo busanzwe. EDM ni ingenzi cyane mugutunganya imirasire yizuba. Nubwo igishushanyo cyuzuye, inenge nkeya muri EDM izatera ibumba ryose gusibwa. Gutunganya amashanyarazi ntibiterwa nibikoresho nko guca insinga. Biterwa ahanini nubuhanga bwo gukora nubuhanga. Gukora amashanyarazi asohora cyane cyane ingingo eshanu zikurikira:
①Ibikoresho byo gusohora amashanyarazi. 7 ~ 10 Umuyoboro urashobora gukoreshwa mugutangiza EDM yambere kugirango ugabanye igihe cyo gutunganya; 5 ~ 7 Umuyoboro urashobora gukoreshwa mukurangiza gutunganya. Intego yo gukoresha amashanyarazi mato ni ukubona ubuso bwiza;
② Menya neza ko isura ihanamye kandi ihagaritse ya electrode y'umuringa. Uburinganire bubi bwo mumaso yanyuma cyangwa guhagarikwa bidahagije bya electrode y'umuringa bituma bigora kwemeza ko uburebure bwumukandara wakazi nyuma yo gutunganya EDM bujyanye nuburebure bwakazi bwateguwe. Biroroshye kubikorwa bya EDM kunanirwa cyangwa no kwinjira mumukandara wakazi. Kubwibyo, mbere yo gutunganya, urusyo rugomba gukoreshwa kugirango rusibanganye impande zombi zububiko kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa neza, kandi hagomba gukoreshwa icyerekezo cyo guhamagarira gukosora vertical ya electrode y'umuringa;
. Menya neza ko icyuho kiri hagati yicyuma cyubusa ari ndetse. Mugihe cyambere cyo gutunganya, reba niba igikoresho cyubusa kiva kuri mm 0.2 buri mm 3 kugeza kuri 4 yo gutunganya. Niba offset ari nini, bizagorana kuyikosora hamwe nibihinduka nyuma;
Kuraho ibisigara byakozwe mugihe cya EDM mugihe gikwiye. Kwangirika kw'ibicanwa bizabyara ibisigisigi byinshi, bigomba gusukurwa mugihe, bitabaye ibyo uburebure bwumukandara wakazi buzaba butandukanye bitewe nuburebure butandukanye bwibisigisigi;
MoldIbishushanyo bigomba guteshwa agaciro mbere ya EDM.
5. Kugereranya ibisubizo byo gukuramo
Umwirondoro werekanye ku gishushanyo 1 wageragejwe ukoresheje uburyo bwacitsemo ibice hamwe na gahunda nshya yo gushushanya yatanzwe muri iyi ngingo. Kugereranya ibisubizo bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.
Birashobora kugaragara mubisubizo byo kugereranya ko imiterere yibumba igira uruhare runini mubuzima bwububiko. Ibishushanyo byateguwe ukoresheje gahunda nshya bifite ibyiza bigaragara kandi bitezimbere cyane ubuzima bwububiko.
6. Umwanzuro
Imirasire y'izuba yerekana imiterere ni ubwoko bwububiko bugoye cyane gushushanya no gukora, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cyacyo nikigikorwa kiragoye. Kubwibyo, kugirango tumenye neza intsinzi nubuzima bwa serivisi byububiko, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kugerwaho:
(1) Imiterere yimiterere igomba guhitamo neza. Imiterere yibibumbano igomba kuba nziza kugirango igabanye imbaraga zo gukuramo kugirango igabanye imihangayiko ya kantileveri iterwa n amenyo yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, bityo bizamura imbaraga zububiko. Urufunguzo ni ukumenya neza umubare nimitunganyirize yimyobo ya shunt hamwe nubuso bwibyobo bya shunt nibindi bipimo: icya mbere, ubugari bwikiraro cya shunt bwakozwe hagati yimyobo ya shunt ntigomba kurenza 16mm; Icya kabiri, agace kacitsemo ibice kagomba kugenwa kugirango igipimo cyo gutandukana kigere hejuru ya 30% yikigereranyo gisohoka mugihe bishoboka mugihe imbaraga zububiko.
. Ingingo ya mbere yingenzi ni uko electrode y'umuringa igomba kuba hasi mbere yo guca insinga, kandi uburyo bwo gushiramo bugomba gukoreshwa mugihe cyo guca insinga kugirango ubyemeze. Electrode ntabwo irekuye cyangwa ngo ihindurwe.
(3) Mugihe cyo gutunganya amashanyarazi, electrode igomba guhuzwa neza kugirango wirinde gutandukana amenyo. Byumvikane ko, hashingiwe ku gishushanyo mbonera no gukora, gukoresha ibyuma bishyushye byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bishyushye hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa vacuum butatu cyangwa burenga burashobora kwagura ubushobozi bwibibumbano no kugera kubisubizo byiza. Kuva mubishushanyo, gukora kugeza kubyara umusaruro, gusa niba buri murongo uhuza neza dushobora kwemeza ko imiterere yizuba ryumucyo wizuba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2024
