1. Intangiriro
Ifumbire nigikoresho cyingenzi cyo gukuramo umwirondoro wa aluminium. Mugihe cyo gukuramo umwirondoro, ibishushanyo bigomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe no guterana amagambo. Mugihe cyo gukoresha igihe kirekire, bizatera kwambara, guhindura plastike, no kwangiza umunaniro. Mugihe gikomeye, birashobora gutera gucika.
2. Impapuro zananiranye nimpamvu zitera
2.1 Kwambara gutsindwa
Kwambara nuburyo nyamukuru buganisha ku kunanirwa kwa extrusion bipfa, bizatuma ubunini bwa profili ya aluminiyumu butagenda neza kandi ubwiza bwubutaka bugabanuka. Mugihe cyo gukuramo, imyirondoro ya aluminiyumu ihura nigice gifunguye cyurwungano rwumubyimba hifashishijwe ibikoresho byoherejwe munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi utabanje gusiga amavuta. Uruhande rumwe ruhuza nindege yumurongo wa caliper, kurundi ruhande ruranyerera, bivamo guterana amagambo. Ubuso bwurwobo hamwe nubuso bwumukandara wa Caliper birashobora kwambara no gutsindwa. Muri icyo gihe, mugihe cyo guteranya ibishushanyo, ibyuma bimwe bya billet bifatirwa hejuru yumurimo wububiko, bigatuma geometrike yimiterere ihinduka kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa, kandi nayo ifatwa nko kunanirwa kwambara, aribyo bigaragarira muburyo bwa passivation yo gukata, impande zegeranye, kurohama kw'indege, ibiti byo hejuru, gukuramo, n'ibindi.
Ubwoko bwihariye bwo kwambara bupfa bifitanye isano nibintu byinshi nkumuvuduko wibikorwa byo guterana amagambo, nkibigize imiti nubukanishi bwibikoresho bipfa hamwe na bilet yatunganijwe, ububobere buke bwurupfu na bilet, hamwe nigitutu, ubushyuhe, n'umuvuduko mugihe cyo gukuramo. Kwambara ibishishwa bya aluminiyumu ahanini ni kwambara ubushyuhe, kwambara ubushyuhe biterwa no guterana amagambo, hejuru yicyuma koroshya bitewe nubushyuhe bwiyongera hamwe nubuso bwurwobo rwuzuzanya. Nyuma yubuso bwurwobo rworoheje rworoheje mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kwihanganira kwambara biragabanuka cyane. Muburyo bwo kwambara ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe nicyo kintu nyamukuru kigira ingaruka kumyuka yubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe buri hejuru, niko kwambara ubushyuhe bukabije.
2.2 Guhindura plastike
Guhindura plastike ya aluminiyumu yerekana gukuramo bipfa ni inzira yo gutanga ibintu byuma bipfa.
Kubera ko gukuramo bipfa kuba muburyo bwubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe no guterana hejuru hamwe nicyuma cyakuwe mugihe kirekire iyo gikora, ubushyuhe bwubuso bwurupfu bwiyongera kandi butera koroshya.
Mugihe cyimitwaro iremereye cyane, ubwinshi bwimiterere ya plastike bizabaho, bigatuma umukandara wakazi usenyuka cyangwa ugakora ellipse, kandi imiterere yibicuruzwa byakozwe bizahinduka. Nubwo ifumbire idatanga ibice, bizananirana kuko ibipimo byerekana neza imiterere ya aluminiyumu ntibishobora kwemezwa.
Byongeye kandi, ubuso bwa extrusion bupfa bitewe nubushyuhe butandukanye buterwa no gushyuha no gukonjesha inshuro nyinshi, bitanga ubundi buryo bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe no kwikuramo hejuru. Mugihe kimwe, microstructure nayo ihinduka muburyo butandukanye. Muri izi ngaruka zose, kwambara kubumba hamwe no guhindagurika kwa plastike bizabaho.
2.3 Kwangiza umunaniro
Kwangiza umunaniro ukabije nubundi buryo bukunze kunanirwa. Iyo inkoni ya aluminiyumu ishyushye ihuye nubuso bwikuramo bipfa, ubushyuhe bwubuso bwinkoni ya aluminiyumu buzamuka vuba cyane kurenza ubushyuhe bwimbere, kandi guhangayika bikabije biva hejuru kubera kwaguka.
Muri icyo gihe, imbaraga z'umusaruro wububiko ziragabanuka kubera kwiyongera kwubushyuhe. Iyo kwiyongera k'umuvuduko birenze imbaraga z'umusaruro w'icyuma cyo hejuru ku bushyuhe bukwiranye, imbaraga zo kwikuramo plastike zigaragara hejuru. Iyo umwirondoro uva mubibumbano, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buragabanuka. Ariko iyo ubushyuhe buri mumwirondoro buracyari hejuru, imbaraga zikaze zizashiraho.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, iyo kwiyongera kwimyitwarire irenze imbaraga zumusaruro wubuso, plastike ya tensile izabaho. Iyo umutwaro waho wububiko urenze imipaka ya elastike hanyuma ukinjira mukarere ka plastike, kwirundanya buhoro buhoro uduce duto twa plastike bishobora gutera umunaniro.
Kubwibyo, kugirango wirinde cyangwa ugabanye umunaniro wangiritse, hagomba gutoranywa ibikoresho bikwiye kandi hagashyirwaho uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. Muri icyo gihe, hakwiye kwitabwaho kunoza imikoreshereze yimiterere.
2.4 Kumeneka
Mubikorwa nyabyo, ibice bitangwa mubice bimwe byububiko. Nyuma yigihe runaka cya serivisi, uduce duto turabyara kandi buhoro buhoro twaguka mubwimbitse. Nyuma yuko ibice bimaze kwaguka mubunini runaka, ubushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro yibibumbano bizacika intege cyane kandi bitera kuvunika. Cyangwa microcracks zimaze kubaho mugihe cyambere cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe no gutunganya ibumba, byoroshye ko ifu yaguka kandi igatera gucika kare mugihe cyo kuyikoresha.
Kubijyanye nigishushanyo, impamvu nyamukuru zo kunanirwa nuburyo bwimbaraga zubushakashatsi hamwe no guhitamo radiyo yuzuye mugihe cyinzibacyuho. Ku bijyanye n’inganda, impamvu nyamukuru ni ibikoresho byabanjirije kugenzurwa no kwita ku bubi bw’ubutaka no kwangirika mu gihe cyo gutunganya, kimwe n’ingaruka zo kuvura ubushyuhe hamwe n’ubuziranenge bw’ubuvuzi.
Mugihe cyo gukoresha, hagomba kwitonderwa kugenzura ubushyuhe bwimbitse, igipimo cyo gukuramo nubushyuhe bwa ingot, hamwe no kugenzura umuvuduko wo gusohora no gutembera kwicyuma.
3. Gutezimbere ubuzima bubi
Mugukora imyirondoro ya aluminiyumu, ibiciro byububiko bingana nigice kinini cyibiciro byo gukuramo umwirondoro.
Ubwiza bwibibumbano nabwo bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ubwiza bwibicuruzwa. Kubera ko imiterere yimikorere yuburyo bwo gukuramo ibicuruzwa biva mu mwirondoro bikaze cyane, birakenewe kugenzura byimazeyo ibishushanyo bivuye mubishushanyo mbonera no gutoranya ibikoresho kugeza kumusaruro wanyuma wibibumbano hanyuma bigakoreshwa no kubitunganya.
Cyane cyane mugihe cyibikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro, ifumbire igomba kuba ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwumuriro, umunaniro wumuriro, kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe nubukomezi buhagije bwo kongera igihe cyumurimo wububiko no kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro.
3.1 Guhitamo ibikoresho bibumba
Igikorwa cyo gusohora imyirondoro ya aluminiyumu ni ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu byinshi, kandi aluminiyumu yapfuye ipfa gukoreshwa nabi cyane.
Gusohora bipfa gukorerwa ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ubushyuhe bwaho bushobora kugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 600. Ubuso bwa extrusion bupfa gushyuha no gukonjeshwa inshuro nyinshi, bigatera umunaniro wumuriro.
Iyo usohora aluminiyumu, ibumba rigomba kwihanganira kwikanyiza cyane, kunama no kogosha, bizatera kwambara no kwambara nabi.
Ukurikije imiterere yakazi ya extrusion ipfa, imitungo isabwa yibikoresho irashobora kugenwa.
Mbere ya byose, ibikoresho bigomba kugira imikorere myiza yimikorere. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba byoroshye gushonga, guhimba, gutunganya no kuvura ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bigomba kugira imbaraga nyinshi no gukomera. Extrusion ipfa muri rusange ikora mubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi. Iyo usohora aluminiyumu, imbaraga zingirakamaro zipfa kubushyuhe bwicyumba zisabwa kurenza 1500MPa.
Irakeneye kugira ubushyuhe bwinshi, ni ukuvuga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imizigo yubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe cyo gukuramo. Irakeneye kugira ingaruka zikomeye gukomera no kuvunika gukomera kubushyuhe busanzwe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kugirango wirinde kuvunika gucika intege mubihe bitesha umutwe cyangwa imitwaro yingaruka.
Igomba kugira imyambarire myinshi yo kwambara, ni ukuvuga, hejuru ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwambara munsi yubushyuhe burebure bwigihe kirekire, umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe no gusiga amavuta, cyane cyane iyo ikuramo amavuta ya aluminiyumu, ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ibyuma no kwambara.
Gukomera gukomeye birasabwa kugirango harebwe ibintu bihanitse kandi bihuriweho nuburyo bwose bwambukiranya igikoresho.
Amashanyarazi menshi arasabwa gusohora vuba ubushyuhe hejuru yumurimo wibikoresho byabugenewe kugirango wirinde gutwikwa kwinshi cyangwa gutakaza cyane imbaraga za mashini yibikorwa byakuwe hamwe nububiko ubwabwo.
Irakeneye kugira imbaraga zikomeye zo guhangayika inshuro nyinshi, ni ukuvuga, bisaba imbaraga zirambye kugirango wirinde kwangirika k'umunaniro imburagihe. Irakeneye kandi kugira irwanya ruswa hamwe nibintu byiza bya nitridability.
3.2 Igishushanyo mbonera cyibishushanyo mbonera
Igishushanyo mbonera cyibishushanyo nigice cyingenzi cyo kwagura ubuzima bwa serivisi. Imiterere yakozwe neza igomba kwemeza ko nta bishoboka ko habaho ingaruka zo guturika no guhangayikishwa no gukoresha ibintu bisanzwe. Kubwibyo, mugihe utegura ibishushanyo, gerageza gukora imihangayiko kuri buri gice ndetse, kandi witondere kwirinda impande zisharira, impande zombi, itandukaniro ryuburebure bwurukuta, igice kinini cyurukuta ruto, nibindi, kugirango wirinde guhangayikishwa cyane. Noneho ， gutera ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, kuvunika no kuvunika kuvunika cyangwa guturika hakiri kare mugihe cyo gukoresha, mugihe igishushanyo mbonera nacyo gifasha guhanahana ububiko no gufata neza ifumbire.
3.3 Kunoza ireme ryo kuvura ubushyuhe no kuvura hejuru
Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwo gukuramo bupfa ahanini biterwa nubwiza bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe kimwe no gukomera no kuvura imbaraga zo kuvura ni ngombwa cyane kugirango ubuzima bwa serivisi bube.
Muri icyo gihe, kuvura ubushyuhe hamwe nuburyo bwo kongera imbaraga bigenzurwa cyane kugirango birinde ubusembwa bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. Guhindura ibipimo byo kuzimya no gutuza, kongera umubare wokwitegura, kuvura no gutuza, kwitondera kugenzura ubushyuhe, gushyushya no gukonjesha, gukoresha itangazamakuru rishya ryo kuzimya no kwiga inzira nshya nibikoresho bishya nko gushimangira no gukaza umurego no gushimangira ibintu bitandukanye. kuvura, bifasha kuzamura imibereho ya serivise.
3.4 Kunoza ireme ryinganda
Mugihe cyo gutunganya ibishushanyo, uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya burimo gutunganya imashini, gukata insinga, gutunganya amashanyarazi, nibindi. Gutunganya imashini ninzira yingirakamaro kandi yingenzi mubikorwa byo gutunganya ibumba. Ntabwo ihindura gusa ingano yubunini, ahubwo igira ingaruka itaziguye kumiterere yumwirondoro hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi bwububiko.
Gukata insinga zipfa ni uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutunganya ibumba. Itezimbere gutunganya neza no gutunganya neza, ariko kandi izana ibibazo byihariye. Kurugero, niba ifumbire yatunganijwe no gukata insinga ikoreshwa muburyo butaziguye kubyara ubushyuhe, slag, gukuramo, nibindi bizabaho byoroshye, bizagabanya ubuzima bwumurimo wububiko. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe buhagije bwububiko nyuma yo gukata insinga burashobora kunoza imiterere yuburemere bwimiterere, kugabanya imihangayiko isigaye, no kongera ubuzima bwumurimo wububiko.
Guhangayikishwa cyane nimpamvu nyamukuru yo kuvunika. Muburyo bwemewe nigishushanyo mbonera, nini ya diameter ya wire yo guca insinga, nibyiza. Ibi ntabwo bifasha gusa kunoza imikorere yo gutunganya, ahubwo binatezimbere cyane gukwirakwiza imihangayiko kugirango wirinde ko habaho guhangayika.
Gutunganya amashanyarazi ni ubwoko bwimashini yangirika yamashanyarazi ikorwa no hejuru yumwuka wibintu, gushonga no gutunganya ibyuka byamazi byakozwe mugihe cyo gusohora. Ikibazo nuko bitewe nubushyuhe bwo gushyushya no gukonjesha bikora kumazi yo gutunganya hamwe nigikorwa cyamashanyarazi cyamazi yimashini, hashyizweho urwego rwahinduwe mugice cyogukora kugirango rutange ibibazo nibibazo. Ku bijyanye n'amavuta, atome ya karubone yarangiritse kubera gutwikwa kw'amavuta ikwirakwizwa na karburize ku kazi. Iyo imihangayiko yubushyuhe yiyongereye, urwego rwangiritse ruba rucitse kandi rukomeye kandi rukunda gucika. Mugihe kimwe, impungenge zisigaye zirakorwa kandi zifatanije nakazi. Ibi bizavamo imbaraga zumunaniro, kuvunika byihuse, kwangirika kwinshi nibindi bintu. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo gutunganya, tugomba kugerageza kwirinda ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru no kunoza ubwiza bwo gutunganya.
3.5 Kunoza imikorere yimikorere nuburyo bwo gukuramo ibintu
Imiterere yakazi yo gukuramo ipfa irakennye cyane, kandi aho ikorera nayo ni mibi cyane. Kubwibyo, kunoza uburyo bwo gukuramo ibintu hamwe nibipimo bitunganijwe, no kunoza imikorere yakazi hamwe nakazi keza ni byiza mugutezimbere ubuzima bwurupfu. Kubwibyo, mbere yo gusohora, birakenewe gutegura witonze gahunda yo gusohora, hitamo ibikoresho byiza bya sisitemu nibisobanuro bifatika, gukora ibipimo byiza byo gutangiza ibintu (nkubushyuhe bwo gukuramo ibicuruzwa, umuvuduko, coefficient de coiffeux na progaramu ya extrait, nibindi) no kunoza ibidukikije bikora mugihe cyo gukuramo (nko gukonjesha amazi cyangwa gukonjesha azote, gusiga amavuta ahagije, nibindi), bityo bikagabanya umutwaro wakazi wububiko (nko kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa chill hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gutwara ibintu, nibindi), gushiraho no kunoza U gutunganya imikorere yuburyo bukoreshwa neza.
4 Umwanzuro
Hamwe niterambere ryinganda za aluminiyumu, mumyaka yashize buriwese arashaka uburyo bwiza bwiterambere bwo kunoza imikorere, kuzigama ibiciro, no kongera inyungu. Gusohora gupfa ntagushidikanya ni ikintu cyingenzi cyo kugenzura umusaruro wa aluminium.
Hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwa aluminiyumu ipfa. Usibye ibintu byimbere nkibishushanyo mbonera nimbaraga zurupfu, ibikoresho bipfa, gutunganya ubukonje nubushyuhe hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutunganya amashanyarazi, gutunganya ubushyuhe hamwe nubuhanga bwo kuvura hejuru, hariho uburyo bwo gusohora no gukoresha ibintu, gufata neza no gusana, gusohora ibicuruzwa nibintu biranga imiterere, ibisobanuro hamwe nubuyobozi bwa siyanse bipfa.
Muri icyo gihe, ibintu bigira ingaruka ntabwo arimwe, ahubwo ni ikibazo gikomeye cyibintu byinshi byuzuye, kugirango ubuzima bwacyo birusheho kuba ikibazo na sisitemu, mubikorwa nyabyo no gukoresha inzira, bigomba kunonosora igishushanyo, gutunganya ibicuruzwa, koresha kubungabunga nibindi bintu byingenzi byubugenzuzi, hanyuma uzamure ubuzima bwa serivisi yububiko, kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro, kuzamura umusaruro.
Byahinduwe na Gicurasi Jiang wo muri MAT Aluminium
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-14-2024
