1.Nibicuruzwa
Imodoka yoroheje itangiye mu bihugu byateye imbere kandi yabanje iyobowe n'ibihangange by'imodoka gakondo. Hamwe niterambere rihoraho, ryungutse imbaraga zingenzi. Kuva mu gihe Abahinde bakoresheje ba mbere bakoresheje Aluminium batanga umusaruro w'imodoka ku musaruro wa mbere wa Audi mu 1999, Aluminum Alumunum yabonye iterambere rya Audi mu 1999, Aluminum Alumunum yagaragaye ko ari inyungu zayo nk'inshi, imbaraga zihariye no gukomera, Gutandukanya neza no kurwanya ingaruka, recyclobility yo hejuru, hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo kuvugurura. Kugeza 2015, igipimo cya porogaramu ya aluminium mu modoka yari imaze kurenga 35%.
Ubushinwa bworoshye bworoshye bwatangiye igihe kitarenze imyaka 10, kandi Ikoranabuhanga hamwe no gushinga ikoranabuhanga mu bihugu byateye imbere nk'Ubudage, Amerika, n'Ubuyapani. Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, ibintu byoroheje biratera imbere byihuse. Kwishura kuzamuka kw'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu, tekinoroji yubushinwa ikoranabuhanga mugaragaza icyerekezo cyo gufata ibihugu byateye imbere.
Isoko ryubushinwa ryibikoresho ni nini. Ku ruhande rumwe, ugereranije n'ibihugu byateye imbere mu mahanga, ikoranabuhanga ryoroheje ry'Ubushinwa ryatangiye bitinze, kandi ibirori byo guhagarika ibinyabiziga muri rusange ni binini. Urebye igipimo cy'ibikoresho byoroheje 'ugereranije mu bihugu by'amahanga, haracyari umwanya uhagije w'iterambere mu Bushinwa. Ku rundi ruhande, bayobowe na politiki, iterambere ryihuse ryinganda nshya yimodoka zizasaba ibikoresho byoroheje no gushishikariza amasosiyete yimodoka yimuka yerekeza mu bwoke.
Gutezimbere ihumure nibipimo bya lisansi bihatira kwihutisha automotive. Ubushinwa bwashyize mu bikorwa neza amahame ya VI ya VIC DE VIN itubamo muri 2020. Ukurikije "uburyo bwo gusuzuma no kwerekana ibikoresho bya peteroli" hamwe na Google yo kuzigama ibinyabiziga. " Kwita ku mwanya muto wo kwirukana ibintu byinshi muri tekinoroji ya moteri no kugabanya ibihuha, gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibigize icyogajuru birashobora kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no gukoresha ibinyabuzima. Kwishyira hejuru yibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byahindutse inzira yingenzi yiterambere ryinganda.
Muri 2016, Ubushinwa bw'Ubushinwa butanga umurongo wa "Ingufu Uzigama Ikoranabuhanga mu Gikorikori bw'ibinyabiziga," bitera imbaraga nk'ibinyabiziga bishya bivuye mu 2020 kugeza 2030. Kubora bizaba icyerekezo cy'ingenzi yo guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu. Kwihangana birashobora kongera inyongera na aderesi "guhangayika" mubinyabiziga bishya byingufu. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwiyongera kurwego rwagutse, mu bwobo bworoheje kwihutirwa, no kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byakuze cyane mumyaka yashize. Nk'uko ibisabwa na sisitemu ya manota na "Gahunda yo guteza imbere imari y'iterambere ry'imodoka," Biteganijwe ko muri 2025, kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya bizarenga miliyoni 6, hamwe no gukura ngarukamwaka igipimo kirenze 38%.
2.Umurimo wa alloy ibiranga na porogaramu
2.1 Ibiranga Aluminium Alloy
Ubucucike bwa aluminium ni kimwe cya gatatu cyicyuma, bigatuma yoroshye. Ifite imbaraga zihariye, ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukemura, kurwanya ruswa, no kugarura byinshi. Aluminum alloys irangwa no kuba igizwe cyane na magnesium, erekana ubushyuhe bwiza, imitungo myiza yo kurota, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kunanirwa, ubushobozi bwo gukomera nubuvuzi bwubushyuhe, nubushobozi bwo kongera imbaraga muburyo bukonje. Urukurikirane 6 rurangwa no kuba rugizwe cyane na magnesium na silicon, hamwe na MG2SI nk'icyiciro nyamukuru gikomeza. Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe cyane muri iki cyiciro ni 6063, 6061, na 6005a. Isahani ya 5052 ni urukurikirane rwa Al-MG Alloy Aluminim, hamwe na magnesium nkikintu nyamukuru cyoherejwe. Nicyo cyakoreshejwe cyane cyo kurwanya rust aluminium. Ibi bihindura bifite imbaraga nyinshi, imbaraga z'umunaniro nyinshi, icyubahiro cyiza hamwe no kurwanya imyanda, ntibishobora gukomera no kuvura ubushyuhe, bifite ubushuhe bwiza mu mirimo ikonje bikomera, uburwayi bwiza bworoshye. Irakoreshwa cyane kubice nkibarambi kuruhande, igifuniko cyigisenge, numuryango wumuryango. 6063 Aluminum Alumunum ni ubushyuhe bushimangira ubushyuhe muri sekuruza wa al-MG-SI-SI, hamwe na Magnesium na Silikoni nk'ibintu nyamukuru. Nubushyuhe bushimangira Aluminum Umwirondoro hamwe nimbaraga ziciriritse hamwe nimbaraga ziciriritse, cyane cyane zikoreshwa mubice byubatswe nkinkingi no kuruhande rwinkingi no ku ruhande kugirango utware imbaraga. Intangiriro ya Aluminium Amanota yerekanwe ku mbonerahamwe ya 1.
2.2 Intambwe ni uburyo bwingenzi bwo gukora alloy
Aluminum alloy exy exy nuburyo bushyushye, kandi inzira zose zitanga umusaruro zirimo gushiraho aluminium munzira eshatu zibangamira imihangayiko. Inzira yose yumusaruro irashobora gusobanurwa kuburyo bukurikira: a. Aluminum nahandi alloys barashonga bagajugunwa mubisabwa bisabwa nibikoresho bikenewe; b. Ibikinisho byangiza bishyirwa mubikoresho byiyongera kugirango barinde. Mu bikorwa bya silinderi nyamukuru, aluminium alloy billet yashizweho mu imyirondoro isabwa binyuze mu buvumo bw'ibumba; c. Kugirango utezimbere imitungo ya aluminiyumu, kuvura igisubizo bikorwa mugihe cyangwa nyuma yo kunyerera, hakurikiraho kuvurwa. Imitungo ya mashini nyuma yo kuvura atandukanye ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye nubutegetsi bukuru. Imiterere yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwamasanduku yerekana amashusho yerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.
Aluminum alloy Ibicuruzwa bimaze gufatirwa ibintu byinshi mubundi buryo bwo gukora:
a. Mugihe cyiyongera, ibyuma byafashwe byiboneye cyane kandi byinzira eshatu zo guhuza muburyo bwo guhinduranya kuruta kuzunguruka no guhimba, bityo birashobora gukinira plastike byicyuma gitunganijwe. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibyuma bigoye-kuri-guhindura bidashobora gutunganywa no kuzunguruka cyangwa kubahiriza kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibintu bitandukanye byoroshye cyangwa bikomeye.
b. Kuberako geometrie yimyirondoro ya aluminiyumu ishobora gutandukana, ibice byabo bifite imbaraga nyinshi, bishobora guteza imbere umubiri wikinyabiziga, kugabanya imiterere ya NVh, no kunoza ibiranga ibinyabiziga.
c. Ibicuruzwa hamwe no gukora neza, nyuma yo kwizihiza no gusaza, bifite imbaraga nyinshi zimaze igihe kinini (R, Raz) kuruta ibicuruzwa byatunganijwe nubundi buryo.
d. Ubuso bwibicuruzwa nyuma yiyongera bifite ibara ryiza hamwe no kurwanya ruswa, kurambagiza ibindi bikoresho byo kurwanya ruswa.
e. Gutunganya ibintu bifite guhinduka cyane, ibikoresho bike nibiciro, hamwe nigiciro gito cyo guhindura.
f. Kubera igenzura ryumwirondoro wa aluminiyumu wambukiranya, urwego rwo kwishyira hamwe rushobora kwiyongera, umubare wibice birashobora kugabanuka, kandi umubare wibice bishobora kugabanuka, kandi umubare wibice bitandukanye byambukiranya imipaka birashobora kugera kumwanya wubukuru.
Kugereranya imikorere hagati yimyigaragambyo ya aluminiyumu yakandamisogwe hamwe na karubone isanzwe yerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 3.
Icyerekezo gikurikiraho cya aluminium alloy imyirondoro kumakamyo yimodoka: gukomeza kunoza imbaraga zumwirondoro no kuzamura imikorere yinjira. Icyerekezo cyubushakashatsi bwibikoresho bishya bya aluminium aluminim imyirondoro kumakamyo yerekana amashusho yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 1.
3.umugum alloy agasanduku k'ikamyo, isesengura ry'imbaraga, no kugenzura
3.1 Aluminium Alumunum Box Ikamyo
Agasanduku k'ikamyo cyane cyane igizwe ninteko imbere, Ibumoso n'iburyo bw'iteraniro ry'inyuma, Inteko y'inyuma, iriba ry'inyuma, umutekano w'inyuma, abazamu b'inyuma, n'ibindi bikoresho ihujwe na chassis ya kabiri. Agasanduku umubiri wambukiranya ibiti, inkingi, ibiti byo kuruhande, hamwe nimiryango yumuryango bikozwe muri aluminiyumu alloy yazengurutse imyirondoro, mugihe hasi no hejuru ya alUmunum. Imiterere ya Aluminium ALloy Box Truck yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2.
Gukoresha inzira ishyushye ya Doces ya 6 Aluminium Alumunum irashobora gukora imiti igoye yambukiranya imipaka hamwe nibikoresho bigoye-bifatika, kandi byujuje ibisabwa, kandi byujuje ibisabwa hagati ibice bitandukanye. Kubwibyo, imiterere nyamukuru ya Beam Igishushanyo nibihe bya Indertia I no Kurwanya ibihe w byerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 3.
Kugereranya amakuru nyamukuru mu mbonerahamwe ya 4 yerekana ko ibihe bya igice cya inertia no kurwanya ibihe byumwirondoro wa alUminiur byateguwe kuruta amakuru ajyanye nicyuma. Amakuru yo gukomera ni hafi kimwe niyanditswe mu byumwirondoro wa Byera, kandi bose bahura nibisabwa kugena.
3.2 Kubara cyane
Gufata ibintu byingenzi byo gutwara imitwaro, umusaraba, nkikintu, imihangayiko ntarengwa ibarwa. Umutwaro watanzwe ni 1.5 t, na crossbeam bikozwe muri 6063-T6 Alloy Umwirondoro wa Manical nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 5. Ikiriro cyoroshe ku mbonerahamwe ya cantilever yo kubara, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4.
Gufata igisasu cya 344mm, umutwaro wo kwikuramo uri kubarwa nka F = 3757 n dushingiye kuri 4.5t, ni inshuro eshatu umutwaro usanzwe uhagaze. q = f / l
aho Q nubushake bwimbere bwindabyo munsi yumutwaro, N / MM; F ni umutwaro watanzwe na beam, ubarwa ukurikije inshuro 3 umutwaro usanzwe uhagaze, ufite 4.5 t; Uburebure bwa beam, mm.
Kubwibyo, guhangayikishwa imbere Q ni:
Amaganya yo Kubara Kubara ni aya akurikira:
Umwanya ntarengwa ni:
Gufata agaciro gakomeye kakanya, m = 274283 Nmm, guhangayika ntarengwa σ = 18.78 m / 18.78 Agaciro ntarengwa σ <215 m
3.3 ihuza ibiranga ibice bitandukanye
Aluminum alloy ifite imitungo ikennye yo gusudira, kandi imbaraga zayo zitanga uruhara ni 60% gusa byimbaraga zifatika. Bitewe nigifuniko cya al2o3 kuri aluminium hejuru, ahantu ho gushonga al2o3 ni ndende, mugihe umukino wo gushonga, mugihe cyo gushonga kwa alumunum ari gito. Iyo Aluminum Aluminum arasuye, Al2O3 hejuru agomba gucika vuba kugirango asunike. Muri icyo gihe, ibisigisigi bya al2o3 bizaguma muri Aluminium. Ingaruka ya Aluminium Kubwibyo, mugihe ushushanya ibintu byose-aluminium, ibi bintu biranga byimazeyo. Isumu ni uburyo nyamukuru bwo gushyiramo imyanya, kandi ibice nyamukuru bigize imitwaro bihujwe na bolts. Ihuza nko kurongoka kandi dovetail imiterere ryerekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 5 na 6.
Imiterere nyamukuru yumubiri wa aluminium yemeje imiterere ifite ibiti bitambitse, inkingi zihagaritse, ibiti byo kuruhande, hamwe na beams kuruhande. Hariho ingingo enye zihuza hagati ya buri kibi cya horizontal na inkingi zihagaritse. Ingingo zihuza zishyizwe hamwe na gaskets yafashwe kugirango inone ifite impande zanyuma za beam itambitse, irinda neza kunyerera. Ingingo umunani zihujwe cyane na steel core zinjiza, zikongezwa hamwe na bolts no gufunga imirongo ya 5mm triape ya aluminiya ya 5mm yasukuye mu gasanduku kugirango ishimangire imyanya imbere. Isura yo hanze yisanduku idafite amanota yo gusudira cyangwa yerekanwe, kugirango abone isura rusange.
3.4 Se SynonchOr Technoing Technoing
Se Ubuhanga bwo Guhuza Ubuhanga bukoreshwa mugukemura ibibazo biterwa nubunini bunini bwuzuye bwo guhuza ibice bihuye mumasanduku hamwe nibibazo byo kubona ibitera icyuho no kunanirwa gushimisha. Binyuze mu isesengura rya cae (reba Ishusho 7-8), Isesengura rya Contarison rikorwa hamwe nisanduku yakozwe mu ibyuma no gukomera, kandi ufate ingamba zo guhitamo no kunoza gahunda nziza cyane .
4. Kugaragaza neza amakuru ya aluminium alumunum agasanduku
Usibye agasanduku umubiri, aluminium alloys irashobora gukoreshwa mugusimbuza ibyuma kubintu bitandukanye byamakamyo, nk'abacunga ya 30% kugeza 40% kubice byimizigo. Ingaruka yo kugabanya ibiro ku munsi wa 4080mm × 2300mm × 2200mm zireba mu mbonerahamwe ya 6. Ibi bikemura imbere ibibazo byuburemere bukabije, ibi bitubahiriza amatangazo, hamwe ningaruka ziterwa nicyuma gakondo.
By replacing traditional steel with aluminum alloys for automotive components, not only can excellent lightweighting effects be achieved, but it can also contribute to fuel savings, emission reduction, and improved vehicle performance. Kugeza ubu, hari ibitekerezo bitandukanye byerekeranye umusanzu wo mu bworoshye bwo kuzigama lisansi. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byikigo mpuzamahanga cya adluminium cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 9. Buri 10% kugabanuka muburemere ibinyabiziga birashobora kugabanya ibiyobyabwenge bitarenze 6% kugeza 8%. Ukurikije imibare yo murugo, kugabanya uburemere bwa buri mugenzi wa buri mugenzi 100 KG birashobora kugabanya ibiyobyabwenge byateganijwe na 0.4 l / 100 km. Umusanzu wo gucana kuri lisansi uzigama ushingiye kubisubizo byabonetse muburyo butandukanye bwubushakashatsi, bityo hariho itandukaniro. Nyamara, uburemere bwimodoka bufite ingaruka zikomeye kumugabanya ibyokurya bya lisansi.
Kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, ingaruka zoroheje zoroshye kurushaho. Kugeza ubu, ingufu zigabanya imbaraga za bateri yamashanyarazi ziratandukanye cyane nuburyo bwibinyabiziga gakondo bya lisansi. Uburemere bwa sisitemu yububasha (harimo na bateri) yimodoka zamashanyarazi akenshi zingana na 20% kugeza 30% yuburemere bwimodoka. Mubisanzwe, kumenagura imyanda yimikorere ya bateri ni ikibazo cyisi yose. Mbere yuko habaho intambwe ikomeye mukoranabuhanga mu mikorere minini ya bateri, mu micyo ni inzira nziza yo kunoza ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi. Kuri buri kugabanuka 100 Kugabanya uburemere, urujya n'uruza rw'ibinyabiziga rw'amashanyarazi rushobora kwiyongera kuri 6% kugeza 11% (Isano iri hagati yo kugabanya ibiro no kugabanya urugero rwerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 10). Kugeza ubu, imito myinshi yimodoka itoroshye ntishobora gukemura ibibazo byinshi, ariko kugabanya uburemere kubwamafaranga runaka birashobora kunoza cyane inyongera, yoroshye guhangayikishwa no kunoza uburambe bwumukoresha.
5.conlution
Usibye imiterere ya Aluminium ya Aluminium Aluminium Yatangijwe muri iki kiganiro, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwibinyampeke, nka Aluminium . Bafite ibyiza byuburemere bwumucyo, imbaraga zihariye, hamwe no kurwanya imyanda, kandi ntukeneye irangi ryamashanyarazi yo kurinda ruswa, bikagabanya ingaruka zibidukikije byarakaye. Aluminium Alumunum Box Ikamyo ikemura ibibazo byuburemere bukabije, butubahirizwa amatangazo, hamwe ningaruka zibishinzwe imizigo gakondo yicyuma.
Kwiyongera nuburyo bwingenzi bwo gutunganya kuri aluminium, kandi imyirondoro ya aluminiyumu ifite imitungo ihanitse, bityo igice gikangura ibice ni hejuru. Kubera impinduka zihinduka, aluminium alloys irashobora kugera ku guhuza ibikorwa byinshi, bikabigira ibintu byiza byoroheje. Nyamara, Gukoresha kwa Aluminiyumu bya AlUminium bihura nibibazo nkibikoresho bidahagije kuri Aluminium Alumunum Ibice birimo imizigo, bikora no gutangara no gutangara no gutangara no guteza imbere iterambere ryibicuruzwa bishya. Impamvu nyamukuru iracyari ko aluminium alumunum igura ibirenze ibyuma mbere yuko ibidukikije byo gusubiramo bya aluminium bikura.
Mu gusoza, igipimo cyo gusaba alloys mu modoka izarushaho gutunganya, kandi imikoreshereze yabo izakomeza kwiyongera. Muburyo bugezweho bwo kuzigama ingufu, kugabanuka kwuzuye inganda zimodoka zishingiye ku modoka, hamwe no kurushaho gusobanukirwa no gukemura ibibazo bya aluminiyumu, ibikoresho byo gukandamira bikoreshwa cyane mu biro mu binyabiziga.
Byahinduwe na Gicurasi Jiang Kuva Mat Aluminium
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jan-12-2024
