Aluminiyumu ivanze na tank ya peteroli
Ibikoresho byubatswe bifitanye isano rya hafi nuruhererekane rwibibazo nkibishushanyo mbonera byumubiri wa roketi, ikoranabuhanga ryogukora no gutunganya, tekinoroji yo gutegura ibikoresho, nubukungu, kandi nurufunguzo rwo kumenya ubwiza bwa roketi hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwishura. Ukurikije inzira yiterambere rya sisitemu yibikoresho, inzira yiterambere ryibikoresho bya peteroli ya roketi irashobora kugabanywamo ibisekuru bine. Igisekuru cya mbere ni 5-seri ya aluminiyumu, ni ukuvuga Al-Mg. Amavuta ahagarariye ni 5A06 na 5A03. Byakoreshejwe mu gukora ibigega bya peteroli ya P-2 mu mpera za 1950 n'ubu biracyakoreshwa. 5A06 ibinyobwa birimo 5.8% Mg kugeza kuri 6.8% Mg, 5A03 ni Al-Mg-Mn-Si. Igisekuru cya kabiri ni Al-Cu ishingiye kuri 2-serie alloys. Ibigega byo kubika ibinyabiziga byo mu Bushinwa birebire byo muri Werurwe bikozwe mu mavuta ya 2A14, aribyo Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Si. kuva mu myaka ya za 70 kugeza magingo aya, Ubushinwa bwatangiye gukoresha ikigega cyo kubikamo amavuta 2219, kikaba ari Al-Cu-Mn-V-Zr-Ti, ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibigega bitandukanye byo kubika ibinyabiziga. Muri icyo gihe, irakoreshwa kandi cyane muburyo bwo kurasa intwaro za tanki zidafite ubushyuhe buke, zikaba ari umusemburo ufite ubushyuhe buke buke kandi bukora neza.
Aluminiyumu ivanze kumiterere ya kabine
Kuva iterambere ry’imodoka zoherejwe mu Bushinwa mu myaka ya za 1960 kugeza ubu, amavuta ya aluminiyumu ku miterere ya kabine y’imodoka zoherejwe yiganjemo igisekuru cya mbere ndetse n’ibisekuru bya kabiri bivangwa na 2A12 na 7A09, mu gihe ibihugu by’amahanga byinjiye mu gisekuru cya kane cy’ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu yubatswe (7055 alloy na 7085 alloy), birakoreshwa cyane kubera imbaraga zifite imbaraga nyinshi, no kutumva neza. 7055 ni umusemburo wa Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr, naho 7085 nawo ni Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr, ariko umwanda wacyo Fe na Si ni muke cyane, kandi Zn iri hejuru ya 7.0% ~ 8.0%. Igisekuru cya gatatu Al-Li alloys ihagarariwe na 2A97, 1460, nibindi byakoreshejwe mubikorwa byindege zo mu kirere kubera imbaraga nyinshi, modulus nyinshi, no kuramba cyane.
Ibice-byongerewe imbaraga bya aluminiyumu matrix ifite ibyiza bya modulus nyinshi nimbaraga nyinshi, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mugusimbuza amavuta 7A09 kugirango ikore imigozi ya kabili ya monocoque. Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ibyuma, Ishuri ry’Ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa, Ishuri ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Harbin, kaminuza ya Shanghai Jiaotong, n’ibindi byinshi byakoze imirimo myinshi mu bushakashatsi no gutegura ibice bya aluminiyumu matrike yongerewe imbaraga, hamwe n’ibyagezweho bidasanzwe.
Al-Li ibinyobwa bikoreshwa mu kirere cyo hanze
Porogaramu igenda neza cyane ku binyabiziga byo mu kirere ni Weldalite Al-Li alloy yakozwe na Constellium na Quebec RDC, harimo 2195, 2196, 2098, 2198, na 2050 Alloy. 2195 alloy: Al-4.0Cu-1.0Li-0.4Mg-0.4Ag-0.1Zr, iyi ikaba ari yo ya mbere ya Al-Li ivanze mu bucuruzi neza kugira ngo ikore ibigega byo kubika peteroli nkeya kugira ngo birase roketi. 2196 alloy: Al-2.8Cu-1.6Li-0.4Mg-0.4Ag-0.1Zr, ubucucike buke, imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera kuvunika cyane, byakozwe mbere na Hubble yamashanyarazi yizuba, ubu bikoreshwa cyane mugusohora imyirondoro yindege. 2098 alloy: Al-3.5 Cu-1.1Li-0.4Mg-0.4Ag-0.1Zr, mu ntangiriro yatunganijwe mu gukora fuselage ya HSCT, kubera imbaraga nyinshi z’umunaniro, ubu ikoreshwa muri fuselage yintambara ya F16 hamwe n’icyogajuru Falcon cyohereza peteroli. 2198 alloy: Al-3.2Cu-0.9Li-0.4Mg-0.4Ag-0.1Zr, ikoreshwa mukuzunguruka impapuro zindege zubucuruzi. 2050 alloy: Al-3.5Cu-1.0Li-0.4Mg- 0.4Ag-0.4Mn-0.1Zr, yakoreshejwe mu gukora amasahani manini yo gusimbuza ibyapa byimbitse 7050-T7451 kugirango bikore ibikoresho byindege zubucuruzi cyangwa ibikoresho byohereza roketi. Ugereranije na 2195 ivanze, Cu + Mn ikubiye muri alloy 2050 iragabanutse cyane kugirango igabanye ibyiyumvo byo kuzimya no kugumana imiterere ihanitse ya plaque yibyibushye, imbaraga zihariye ziri hejuru ya 4%, modulus yihariye iri hejuru ya 9%, kandi ubukana bwavunitse bwiyongera hamwe no gukomera kwinshi kwangirika hamwe no kunanirwa gukura kwinshi.
Ubushakashatsi bwubushinwa kubijyanye no guhimba impeta zikoreshwa mububiko bwa roketi
Ubushinwa bwashyize ahagaragara uruganda rukora ibinyabiziga ruherereye muri Tianjin mu iterambere ry’ubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga. Igizwe nubushakashatsi bwa roketi n’ahantu hakorerwa, agace k’inganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kirere hamwe n’ahantu hafasha. Ihuza ibisasu bya roketi, guteranya ibice, igerageza rya nyuma.
Ikigega cyo kubika roketi gikora muguhuza silinderi ifite uburebure bwa 2m kugeza 5m. Ibigega byo kubikamo bikozwe muri aluminiyumu, bityo bigomba guhuzwa no gushimangirwa nimpeta ya aluminiyumu. Mubyongeyeho, abahuza, impeta yinzibacyuho, amakadiri yinzibacyuho nibindi bice byibyogajuru nkibinyabiziga byohereza hamwe na sitasiyo yo mu kirere nabyo bigomba gukoresha guhuza impeta zo guhimba, bityo impeta zo guhimba nubwoko bukomeye cyane bwo guhuza nibice byubatswe. Amajyepfo ya Aluminium (Itsinda) Co, Ltd., Amajyaruguru yuburasirazuba bwa Light Alloy Co., Ltd, na Northwest Aluminum Co., Ltd bakoze imirimo myinshi mubushakashatsi niterambere, gukora no gutunganya impeta mpimbano.
Mu 2007, Aluminium y’amajyepfo y’iburengerazuba yatsinze ingorane za tekiniki nko guterana binini, gufungura fagitire, kuzunguruka impeta, no guhindura imbeho, maze ikora impeta ya aluminiyumu ivanga impeta ifite diameter ya 5m. Ikoranabuhanga ryambere ryibanze ryuzuza icyuho cyimbere mu gihugu kandi ryakoreshejwe neza muri Long March-5B. Muri 2015, Aluminium yepfo yepfo yateje imbere aluminiyumu ya mbere nini cyane ya aluminiyumu muri rusange impeta ya diametero 9m, ishyiraho amateka yisi. Mu mwaka wa 2016, Aluminium y’amajyepfo y’iburengerazuba yatsinze neza tekinoloji y’ibanze y’ibanze nko kuzunguruka no gutunganya ubushyuhe, inashyiraho impeta nini ya aluminiyumu nini cyane ifite umubyimba wa diametero 10m, ikaba yarashyizeho amateka mashya ku isi kandi ikemura ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuhanga mu iterambere ry’imodoka nini yohereza mu Bushinwa.
Byahinduwe na Gicurasi Jiang wo muri MAT Aluminium
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-01-2023
