Ibikoresho bya Aluminiyumu Ibikoresho byo Kubaka Ikiraro bigenda bihinduka buhoro buhoro, kandi ejo hazaza h'ibiraro bya Aluminium Alloy Birasa Nibyiringiro

Ikiraro ni igihangano gikomeye mumateka yabantu. Kuva mu bihe bya kera, igihe abantu bakoreshaga ibiti byaciwe kandi bagashyiraho amabuye kugira ngo bambuke inzira y'amazi no mu mibande, kugeza bakoresheje ibiraro bishaje ndetse n'ibiraro bigumaho insinga, ubwihindurize bwabaye ibintu bitangaje. Gufungura vuba aha ikiraro cya Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao birerekana intambwe ikomeye mumateka yikiraro. Mu iyubakwa ry'ikiraro kigezweho, usibye gukoresha ibyuma bikozwe neza, ibikoresho byuma, cyane cyane aluminiyumu, byahindutse inzira nyamukuru kubera ibyiza byabo bitandukanye.

Mu 1933, ikiraro cya mbere cya aluminium alloy ikiraro cyakoreshejwe ku kiraro kizenguruka uruzi i Pittsburgh muri Amerika. Nyuma yimyaka irenga icumi, mu 1949, Kanada yarangije ikiraro cya aluminiyumu yubatswe mu ruzi rwa Saguenay muri Québec, uburebure bumwe bugera kuri metero 88.4. Iki kiraro nicyo cyambere cya aluminium alloy yubatswe. Ikiraro cyari gifite ibice bigera kuri metero 15 z'uburebure n'inzira ebyiri zo gutwara ibinyabiziga. Yakoresheje aluminiyumu ya 2014-T6 kandi ifite uburemere bwa toni 163. Ugereranije n'ikiraro cyateganijwe mbere, cyagabanije ibiro hafi 56%.

Kuva icyo gihe, icyerekezo cya aluminium alloy yubatswe ibiraro ntigihagarikwa. Hagati ya 1949 na 1985, Ubwongereza bwubatse ibiraro byubatswe bya aluminiyumu bigera kuri 35, mu gihe Ubudage bwubatse ibiraro bigera kuri 20 hagati ya 1950 na 1970. Kubaka ibiraro byinshi byatanze uburambe bw’agaciro kububaka ikiraro cya aluminium.

Ugereranije nicyuma, ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu bifite ubucucike buke, bigatuma byoroha cyane, hamwe na 34% gusa byuburemere bwibyuma kubunini bumwe. Nyamara, bafite imbaraga ziranga ibyuma. Byongeye kandi, aluminiyumu yerekana ibintu byoroshye kandi birwanya ruswa mugihe bifite amafaranga make yo kubungabunga. Nkigisubizo, basanze ikoreshwa ryinshi mukubaka ikiraro kigezweho.

Ubushinwa bwateye intambwe igaragara mu kubaka ikiraro. Ikiraro cya Zhaozhou, gihagaze imyaka irenga 1500, ni kimwe mu bintu byagezweho mu buhanga bwa kera bw’Abashinwa. Mu bihe bya none, tubifashijwemo n'icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, Ubushinwa nabwo bwubatse ibiraro byinshi by'ibyuma, birimo ibiraro by'uruzi rwa Yangtze i Nanjing na Wuhan, ndetse n'ikiraro cya Pearl River i Guangzhou. Ariko, ikoreshwa ryikiraro cya aluminiyumu mu Bushinwa bigaragara ko ari gito. Ikiraro cya mbere cya aluminiyumu yubatswe mu Bushinwa ni ikiraro cy’abanyamaguru ku Muhanda wa Qingchun i Hangzhou, cyubatswe mu 2007. Iki kiraro cyakozwe kandi gishyirwaho n’abashakashatsi b’ikiraro cy’Abadage, kandi ibikoresho byose byatumizwaga mu Budage. Muri uwo mwaka, ikiraro cyabanyamaguru i Xujiahui, muri Shanghai, cyatunganijwe rwose kandi gikozwe mu gihugu hifashishijwe ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu. Yakoresheje cyane cyane 6061-T6 aluminiyumu kandi, nubwo ifite uburemere bwa toni 15, ishobora gushyigikira umutwaro wa toni 50.

Mu bihe biri imbere, ibiraro bya aluminiyumu bifite amahirwe menshi yo kwiteza imbere mu Bushinwa kubera impamvu nyinshi:

1 Ubushinwa bwubaka gari ya moshi yihuta cyane buratera imbere, cyane cyane mubutaka bugoye bwakarere ka burengerazuba bufite ibibaya ninzuzi nyinshi. Ibiraro bya aluminiyumu, kubera ubworoherane bwo gutwara no gutwara ibintu byoroheje, biteganijwe ko bifite isoko rikomeye.

Ibikoresho by'ibyuma bikunda kubora kandi bifite imikorere mibi mubushyuhe buke. Kwangirika kwicyuma bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumuraro, bikavamo amafaranga menshi yo kubungabunga no guhungabanya umutekano. Ibinyuranye, ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kandi bikora neza mu bushyuhe buke, bigatuma bikwiranye n’ikirere gitandukanye kandi bikaramba igihe kirekire. Mugihe ibiraro bya aluminiyumu bishobora kugira ibiciro byubwubatsi byambere, amafaranga make yo kubungabunga arashobora gufasha kugabanya ikinyuranyo cyibiciro mugihe.

3 Ubushakashatsi ku kiraro cya aluminium, haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, cyateye imbere neza, kandi ibyo bikoresho birakoreshwa cyane. Iterambere mubushakashatsi bwibikoresho ritanga ibyiringiro bya tekiniki yo guteza imbere ibishishwa bishya byujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye. Inganda za aluminiyumu zo mu Bushinwa, harimo n’ibihangange mu nganda nka Liaoning Zhongwang, zagiye zihindura ibitekerezo byazo ku mwirondoro wa aluminiyumu y’inganda, zishyiraho urufatiro rwo kubaka ikiraro cya aluminium.

4 Kwubaka metro yihuse mumijyi minini yubushinwa ishyiraho ibisabwa byubatswe kuva hejuru. Bitewe nibyiza bifite uburemere bukomeye, birateganijwe ko ibiraro byinshi bya aluminium alloy abanyamaguru nibiraro bizategurwa kandi bizakoreshwa mugihe kizaza.

Byahinduwe na Gicurasi Jiang wo muri MAT Aluminium