Mu ihindagurika ry’inganda zitunganya aluminiyumu, tekinoroji yo gutunganya ingano yagiye igira uruhare runini mu kugena ubuziranenge n’ibicuruzwa neza. Kuva hashyirwaho uburyo bwo gusuzuma ingano ya Tp-1 mu 1987, inganda zimaze igihe kinini zugarijwe n’ibibazo bikomeje kugaragara - cyane cyane ko ihungabana ry’abatunganya ingano ya Al-Ti-B hamwe n’igipimo kinini cy’inyongera gisabwa kugira ngo imikorere ikorwe neza. Kugeza mu 2007 ni bwo impinduramatwara yatangijwe na laboratoire yahinduye cyane inzira y’imyitozo ya aluminium.
Hamwe niterambere ryayo Optifine super ingano itunganya ingano, MQP yageze kumasimbuka mukumera neza. Kwakira igitekerezo gishya cya "bike ni byinshi," MQP yahaye abakora aluminium kwisi yose inzira nshya yo kugabanya ibiciro no kuzamura imikorere. Iyi ngingo yibanze ku ihindagurika ry’ikoranabuhanga, amahame ya siyansi, gushyira mu bikorwa isi, hamwe n’igihe kizaza cy’ibicuruzwa by’impinduramatwara ya MQP, byerekana uburyo byasobanuye ibipimo nganda.
I. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Kuva aho bigarukira kuri Opticast kugeza kuvuka kwa super Refiner
Iterambere ryingenzi rya siyansi ritangirana no gusuzuma kunenga ubwenge busanzwe. Mu 2007, Dr. Rein Vainik, atekereza ku myaka icumi yakoranye n’ikoranabuhanga rya Opticast yo gutezimbere uburyo bwo gutunganya ingano, yahuye n’ukuri gukabije: nubwo byasezeranijwe, inzira ntiyashoboye gutsinda ikibazo cyakomeje kugaragara cy’imikorere idahwitse ku rwego rwo hasi rw’abatunganya ingano za Al-Ti-B.
Opticast yubatswe kuri logique isa nkaho itunganye-ihindura igipimo cyo kongeramo ibicuruzwa hashingiwe ku bwoko bwa alloy hamwe nibisigazwa kugirango ugere ku kugenzura neza. Nyamara, ibitekerezo byabakoresha byagaragaje buri gihe ko ibiciro byiyongera bya Al-Ti-B byaramba mugihe gito gusa. Iyo insinga zimaze guhinduka, guhunika ingano byakurikiranye vuba. Uku guhagarika kwatumye Dr. Vainik asubiramo ikibazo cyibanze. Uburyo bwiganje bwibanze gusa kubintu byahinduwe bivanze, birengagije guhinduka kwingufu zitunganya ingano. Mubyukuri, kubura ingano kubintu byombi byahinduwe byitwa "kugenzura neza" ntakindi uretse kwibeshya muri laboratoire.
Ihinduka rya paradigm ryashizeho urufatiro rwo kuvumbura ingano nziza. Dr. Vainik yerekeje ibitekerezo kuri aluminiyumu yerekeza kuri Al-Ti-B itunganya ingano ubwayo, Dr. Vainik yakoze ibizamini byo gutunganya ingano ku byiciro 16 bitandukanye by’ibicuruzwa 5Ti1B akoresheje protocole isanzwe ya Opticast. Mugihe kimwe cyimiti ihuriweho hamwe nuburyo bukonje, gusa icyiciro cyari gitandukanye. Ibisubizo byari bitangaje - ndetse n'itsinda ryaturutse ku ruganda rumwe n'urwego rwerekanaga itandukaniro rinini mu gutunganya ingufu. Amakuru yerekanaga igihe kirekire inganda zititaweho: uburyo bwa Tp-1, bwakoreshejwe kuva 1987, bwananiwe kubara ubushobozi nyabwo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya Al-Ti-B.
Mugihe kimwe, MQP yaguze Opticast AB. Uwashinze John Courtenay, amaze kumenya ko isoko rikenewe byihutirwa, yatanze igitekerezo kibangamira: guhuza uburyo bwa Opticast bwo gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya ingano. Ibyibandwaho byahindurwa no kugenzura ibipimo byiyongera bikongerwaho kunoza imikorere, bikemura umuzi wibibazo byinganda. Ihinduka ryatumye hasobanurwa icyari "gutunganya ingano nziza." MQP yise Optifine Super Grain Refiner kandi isohora ibisobanuro byayo muri Light Metals Yahinduwe na TMS 2008-itunganya ingano irangwa nubushobozi buke bwa nucleation.
Umwaka wa 2007 ubu uzwi cyane nkinkomoko yo gutunganya ingano nziza. Byaranze impinduka igihe inganda zatahuye: urufunguzo rwo gutunganya ingano ntabwo "rwongeweho bangahe," ahubwo "burya uruganda rukomeye." Hamwe nuku kwiyubaka-kuva kumenyekanisha guhinduka kugeza kubisobanuro byibicuruzwa-MQP yafunguye ibihe bishya byumusaruro unoze cyane mugutunganya aluminium.
Ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ingano ya aluminium ya titanium isanzwe yerekana ihindagurika rikomeye rya aluminium titanium boron yo gutunganya ingano.
Ubushobozi bwo gutunganya umurongo No 1-8 bwerekana itandukaniro rinini mubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibice 8 byibicuruzwa biva muruganda rumwe.
OF-1 na OF-2 nubushobozi bwo gutunganya umurongo wa Optifine super aluminium titanium boron, yerekana ko ibicuruzwa bifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya neza kandi buhamye.
II. Urufatiro rwa siyansi: Itandukaniro rya Atome-Urwego
Guhanga udushya birasaba gusobanukirwa byimbitse amahame yubumenyi. Gusimbuka gutangaje kwa Optifine super ingano itunganya ibinyampeke biri murwego rwa atome kurwego rwo gusobanura uburyo bwo guhunika ingano. Mu 2021, MQP na kaminuza ya Brunel ya Londres bafatanije gukora umushinga w’ubushakashatsi “Nucleation Mechanism ya α-Aluminium ku buso bwa TiB₂,” batanga ibimenyetso bifatika bya siyansi byerekana imikorere myiza y’uruganda rutunganya ingano.
Hifashishijwe ikwirakwizwa ryinshi rya elegitoronike microscopi (HR-TEM), itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryavumbuye ikintu gikomeye ku gipimo cya atome: kuba hari ibice bya atome bya TiAl₃ hejuru y’ibice bya TiB₂. Itandukaniro rya microstructure ryagaragaje ibanga ryibanze inyuma yo gutandukana muburyo bunoze. Iyo ugereranije ingero ebyiri-imwe ifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya neza 50% naho indi ifite 123% - byagaragaye ko ibice 7 kuri 8 bya TiB₂ mubice byicyitegererezo cyiza byari bifite 2DC Ti₃Al ya interineti, mugihe 1 kuri 6 gusa yabikoze muburyo buke buke.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwatesheje agaciro imyizerere y’inganda gakondo ivuga ko ibice bya TiB₂ byonyine aribyo shingiro ry’intete. Ahubwo, ubushakashatsi bwa MQP bwerekanye ko ubwiza nubunini bwimiterere yimiterere aribyo byonyine byerekana ko bishoboka nucleation. Abatunganya ingano nziza cyane yerekana ingano ya atome yo murwego rwo hejuru hamwe nubunyangamugayo kubice byabo bya TiB₂ ugereranije nibicuruzwa bisanzwe bya Al-Ti-B. Iyi nyungu ya microstructural isobanura mu buryo butaziguye imikorere ya macroscopique - ibinyampeke byinshi kandi byiza cyane ku kigero kimwe cyiyongereye, biganisha ku bwiza bwibicuruzwa byiza.
Kugirango ugereranye itandukaniro, MQP yashyizeho uburyo bwo gupima uburyo bwo gukora neza (RRE), bugaragazwa nkijanisha. Irabarwa mugereranya umubare wibinyampeke byakozwe kuri ppm B kuri mm³ yikigereranyo cyikigereranyo. Iyo RRE irenze 85%, ibicuruzwa bishyirwa mubikorwa bya Optifine super Al-Ti-B. Ibipimo ngenderwaho ntibitanga gusa ubumenyi bwa siyansi yo gusuzuma imikorere ahubwo binatuma abayikora bafata ibyemezo byuzuye bishingiye kububasha nyabwo bwo gutunganya.
Kuva kurwego rwa atome kugeza kubipimo byuzuye, MQP yashyizeho urufatiro rukomeye rwa siyanse kubatunganya ingano nziza. Buri kuzamura muri serivise ya Optifine ishyigikirwa nuburyo bwa atome bwasobanuwe aho gukekeranya.
Imiterere ya AA6060 ivangwa hamwe na Optifine itunganya ingano. Igipimo cyiyongera ni 0.16kg / t, ASTM = 2.4
Ingano ya Optifine (yijimye yubururu) itunganya ingano hamwe na TiBAI isanzwe (ubururu bwerurutse) itunganya ingano ikenerwa kuri aluminiyumu.
III. Iteration yibicuruzwa: Ihindagurika Kugana Imikorere ya Peak
Ubuzima bwikoranabuhanga iryo ariryo ryose rishingiye ku guhanga udushya. Kuva yatangira, MQP yakoresheje imbaraga zayo za R&D kugirango izamure byimazeyo umurongo wibicuruzwa bya Optifine, itera imipaka muburyo bunoze kandi butajegajega. Kuva kuri Optifine31 100 kugeza kuri Optifine51 100 none ubu Optifine51 125 ikora cyane, buri gisekuru cyageze ku kwiyongera gukomeye muri RRE, bihindura muburyo bwagabanijwe ku nyongeragaciro - bikubiyemo filozofiya ya MQP y "ubwiza burenze ubwinshi."
Isohora ryambere, Optifine31 100, yahise yerekana ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhungabanya. Urwego rwa RRE rurenze kure ibicuruzwa gakondo, rwakomeje gutunganya ingano mu gihe rwagabanije igipimo cy’inyongera hejuru ya 50% ugereranije n’inganda. Iyi ntsinzi yemeje igitekerezo cyo gutunganya ingano nziza kandi ishyiraho urufatiro rwo kunoza ejo hazaza.
Mugihe inganda zasabye kwiyongera, MQP yazanye Optifine51 100, yatezimbere uburinganire bwikwirakwizwa rya TiB₂ mugihe hagumyeho umutekano. Yatanze hafi 20% RRE irenze iyambere, ituma hiyongeraho 15-20% kugipimo cyiyongereye - nibyiza kubirere byo mu kirere nibikoresho byubaka bihebuje aho ubuziranenge no guhuzagurika ari ngombwa.
Ku mpinga yumurongo uriho ni Optifine51 125, igera kuri RRE ya 125%. Ibi biterwa nigipimo kinini cyo gushiraho cya 2DC Ti₃Al ya interineti igaragara kuri TiB₂. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwemeza ko nucleation yibicuruzwa byikubye inshuro 2-33 kurenza ubundi buryo busanzwe, bikomeza imikorere ihamye ndetse no muri sisitemu igoye cyangwa ibishishwa byinshi-byashizwemo. Ku bakora ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu bifite agaciro kanini, Optifine51 125 igabanya ibiciro byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa hejuru ya 70% kandi bigabanya cyane ibisigazwa biterwa nintete zoroshye.
Mu 2025, MQP yatangaje Optifine502 gahunda y'ibicuruzwa bisukuye, yongerera udushya ahantu hashya. Kwibanda ku busembwa bwubuso, iyi variant igenzura neza ingano ya TiB₂ kugirango igabanye aglomeration mugihe hagamijwe kubungabunga neza. Yiteguye gutanga porogaramu nka ultra-yoroshye ya aluminium foil hamwe nindorerwamo-kurangiza, gukemura ikindi kibazo kimaze igihe kinini mu nganda.
Kuva mukuzamura imikorere kugeza kunoza ubuziranenge bwubuso, ubwihindurize bwibicuruzwa bya MQP bikurikiza neza logique imwe yibanze: gushingira kuri siyanse, guhanga udushya-bishingiye ku bakiriya bivugurura urwego rwuzuye rwo gutunganya aluminium.
IV. Kwemeza Isi yose: Kuva Kwemerwa hakiri kare kugeza Inganda
Agaciro ka tekinolojiya mishya amaherezo agaragazwa no gukoreshwa henshi. Mu mwaka wa 2008, igihe Hulamin wo muri Afurika y'Epfo abaye sosiyete ya mbere yagerageje gutunganya ingano nziza ya Optifine, bake ni bo batekerezaga ko icyo cyemezo kizagira akamaro. Kubishyira mu musaruro wa AA1050, Hulamin yageze ku musaruro utangaje - kugabanya inyongeramusaruro kuva kuri 0,67 kg / toni kugeza kuri 0.2 kg / toni, kuzigama 70%. Ibi ntabwo byagabanije ibiciro gusa ahubwo byanashimangiye ibicuruzwa kwizerwa kwisi.
Intsinzi ya Hulamin yafunguye isoko ryisi ya Optifine. Abayobozi ba aluminiyumu bayoboye bidatinze bakurikiranye. Sapa (nyuma yaje kugurwa na Hydro) yasohoye Optifine mu bimera byayo by’i Burayi, igabanya imikoreshereze y’abatunganya ku kigereranyo cya 65% mu mavuta menshi. Aleris (ubu ni Novelis) yayikoresheje mu gukora amamodoka, yongerera imbaraga imashini mugihe kugabanya kashe yanze. Alcoa yinjije mu kirere cyo mu kirere cya aluminiyumu, igera ku kugenzura neza ibihimbano binyuze muri Optifine na Opticast.
Yinjiye mu Bushinwa muri 2018, MQP yahise ishishikazwa cyane mu rwego rwo hejuru rwa aluminium yo mu gihugu. Nka aluminiyumu nini cyane ku isi n’abakoresha, Ubushinwa bukeneye byihutirwa kugabanya ibiciro no kuzamura ubuziranenge. Itangizwa rya Optifine ryahujwe neza na pivot yigihugu mu nganda zo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Urugero rumwe rugaragara ni uruganda rwa aluminium foil rwabashinwa rukora ibicuruzwa bisobanutse neza, aho abatunganya ibicuruzwa gakondo bateje ibibazo nka pinholes na break foil bitewe nubwoko butandukanye. Nyuma yo guhindukira kuri Optifine51 100, igipimo cyiyongereye cyamanutse kiva kuri 0.5 kg / toni kigera kuri 0.15 kg / toni, naho inenge ya pinhole yagabanutseho 80%. Isosiyete igereranya kuzigama buri mwaka miliyoni zisaga 20 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda kubera kugabanuka kw'ibicuruzwa ndetse n'ibiciro byo gutunganya neza.
Mu bice byerekana imyubakire, uruganda rukomeye rw’Abashinwa rwakoresheje Optifine kugira ngo rukemure neza imiterere idahwitse yatewe n’ibinyampeke. Impuzandengo y'ibinyampeke yagabanutse kuva kuri 150 mkm kugeza munsi ya 50 mkm, kongera ifumbire ya 30% no kuzamura umusaruro uva kuri 85% ugera kuri 98%. Hamwe no kuzigama amafaranga 120 kuri toni, uruganda ruzigama miliyoni zisaga 12 buri mwaka kumusaruro wa toni 100.000.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku isi bushimangira umwanzuro umwe: MQP itunganya ingano nini cyane kuruta guhanga udushya muri laboratoire - ni igisubizo gikuze mu nganda cyagaragaye ku migabane yose. Kuva muri Afurika y'Epfo kugera mu Burayi, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru kugera mu Bushinwa, urutonde rwa Optifine rwabaye ikintu cy'ibanze ku bihangange mu nganda nka Sapa, Novelis, na Hydro, bishyiraho urwego rushya: kwibanda ku gutunganya neza, ntabwo ari dosiye gusa.
Kugeza mu 2024, abatunganya aluminiyumu barenga 200 ku isi hose bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya MQP, bahuriza hamwe kuzigama toni zirenga 100.000 za Al-Ti-B no kugabanya imyuka ya karuboni hafi toni 500.000. Iyi mibare ntigaragaza inyungu zubukungu gusa ahubwo inerekana uruhare runini mubikorwa byinganda.
V. Kureba imbere: Kuva mubuhanga bwa tekiniki kugeza guhindura urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima
Iyo tekinoroji irenze imipaka yimikorere, ingaruka zayo akenshi zirenze ibicuruzwa ubwabyo - kuvugurura urusobe rwibinyabuzima byose. Kwiyongera kw'abatunganya ibinyampeke bya MQP birerekana iri hame. Mugihe urutonde rwa Optifine rukomeje kugenda rutandukana no gutandukana, imbaraga zacyo ziragenda ziyongera kuva mubikorwa byumusaruro ujya hejuru no mubice byo hasi byurwego rwagaciro.
Muburyo bwa tekiniki, ubufatanye bwubushakashatsi bwa MQP-nkubwa kaminuza ya Brunel-bwashyizeho igipimo cyubufatanye bwinganda-za kaminuza. Ibikorwa byabo byashizeho icyitegererezo cyuzuye cy "ubushakashatsi bwibanze - guteza imbere gushyira mu bikorwa - inganda." Mugihe siyanse yibikoresho hamwe na tekinoroji ya atome-yerekana iterambere, iterambere rizaza mugucunga nano-interineti hamwe nubwenge bwo guhanura bishobora kurushaho kunoza neza no guhuza n'imihindagurikire.
Urebye kubisabwa, abatunganya ingano nziza bazarushaho gutanga amasoko meza. Optifine502 Isuku yibicuruzwa yerekeza kumurongo wo kwihitiramo - kudoda ibisubizo byubwoko bwibicuruzwa byihariye (file, urupapuro, ibicuruzwa) hamwe nuburyo ibintu byakorwaga (guterana kabiri, guterana igice). Abatunganya ibicuruzwa bazafasha ababikora kongera inyungu zubukungu no guteza imbere irushanwa ritandukanye, rifite agaciro kanini murwego rwose.
Mubihe aho icyatsi kibisi ari ngombwa kwisi yose, inyungu zibidukikije zikoranabuhanga rya MQP zirashimishije cyane. Mugabanye ikoreshwa rya Al-Ti-B, abatunganya ibinyampeke bigabanya imikoreshereze y’ingufu zo hejuru hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya. Mugihe kimwe, kuzamura ibicuruzwa bisobanura imyanda mike. Mugihe gukurikirana ibirenge bya karubone bigenda byigaragaza, gukoresha inganda nini cyane birashobora kuba ibisabwa kugirango umuntu yemererwe kandi abone isoko - byihutisha inganda za karuboni nkeya.
Kubushinwa, tekinoroji ya MQP itanga inkunga ikomeye yo kuzamura inganda za aluminiyumu. Nubwo ari yo itanga umusaruro mwinshi ku isi, Ubushinwa buracyafite umwanya wo gukura mu bice byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nk'ikirere n'imodoka. Hamwe nogutezimbere no kuzigama ibiciro, Optifine ifasha ibigo byabashinwa gutsinda inzitizi za tekiniki no kuzamura irushanwa ryisi yose. Na none, ubufatanye na MQP bushobora gutera imbaraga mu guhanga udushya, bigatera uruziga rwiza rwo "gutangiza-kwinjiza-kwiyubaka."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-26-2025
